=== Doing Good Better === ==== ... Effective Altruism ... ==== ==== William MacAskill, Hillsboro Lib. 171.8 MACASKILL 2016 ==== .p001 Windmill water pumps, long waits on windless days .p002 Ronnie Stuiver, merry-go-round [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roundabout_PlayPump | PlayPump ]] [[ https://www-tc.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/southernafrica904/flash/pdf/unicef_pp_report.pdf | fail ]] .p008 Kremer: deworming children (pennies per treatment) increased school participation by 25% . $100 purchases 10 years of extra school participation, increases subsequent adult income, pays for itself . https://www.evidenceaction.org/programs/deworm-the-world .p012 https://www.givewell.org/ ... $5000 per life saved .p012 https://www.givingwhatwecan.org/ Giving What W Can .p018 Global top 1% - greater than $52K/year, top 5% $28K/year, top 10% 16K/year, top 15% $11K/year .p023 100x multiplier - expect a dollar to benefit the poorest 100 times as much as it benefits you .p024 Graph comparing US/India (Angus Maddison 2008), India seems approx 160 years behind at $2K GDP .p030 James Orbinski Red Cross in Uganda, triage, let many die to maximize outcome for most .p034 QALY quality adjusted life year .p038 Dialysis average quality of life 56%, most people estimate average 39% .p039 "Doubling income increases subjective well-being 5%" .p045 Sub-Saharan Africa life expectancy 1950 36.7y, 2015 56 years .p045 Conflict deaths 12M since 1973; smallpox was 3M per year, eradication saved 5 times more lives .p052 Effectiveness Graph, 1 QALY: Kaposi's sarcoma $50K, Condom promotion $500, Antiretroviral therapy $200, Bed net $100 .p059 2011 Sendai Earthquake: external assistance was not required. [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Haiti_earthquake | 2010 Haiti ]] and [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Sichuan_earthquake | 2008 Sichuan ]] earthquakes far worse .p061 $50K to train a guide dog, $100 to cure developing world person of blindness. .p061 Cancer versus third world malaria, 60 times discrepancy. .p065 One extra US doctor, 40 year career, 160 QALYs, 4 lives saved ... Ethiopia extra doctor, 12000 QALYs .p067 1966 38yo MD [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Henderson | Donald Henderson ]] WHO goal, wipe out smallpox in 10 years, last natural case 1977 in Ethiopia .p068 instigated by [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Zhdanov | Viktor Zhdanov ]] in 1958 .p072 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scared_Straight!#Reception_and_legacy | Scared Straight did more harm than good ]] .p076 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earning_to_give | Earning to give ]] .p080 Fukushima meltdown due to [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investigation_Committee_on_the_Accident_at_the_Fukushima_Nuclear_Power_Stations_of_Tokyo_Electric_Power_Company | intentional dismissal of natural disasters during planning ]] .p082 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micromort | micromort ]] .p088 expected value from consumer or voter choice isn't "1", but close. .p094 politics, research, and entrepreneurship highly competitive with earning to give. .p097 US 21T CO2eq/year social cost $670 for median 2 to 4℃ , but 5% risk of 6℃ and small risk of 10℃ .p103 [[ https://www.booksforafrica.org/ | Books for Africa ]] vs [[ https://www.developmentmedia.net/ | DMI health education ]] vs [[ https://www.givedirectly.org/ | Give Directly M-Pesa direct transfer ]] .p108 books: no effect, DMI $360 per saved life (evidence weak), Give Directly more scalable but less effective .p122 [[ https://www.givedirectly.org/ | Give Directly ]] [[ https://www.developmentmedia.net/ | DMI ]] [[ https://www.evidenceaction.org/programs/deworm-the-world | Deworm ]] [[ https://unlimithealth.org/ | Schistosomiasis ]] [[ https://www.againstmalaria.com/ | Malaria ]] [[ https://livinggoods.org/ | Living Goods ]] [[ https://ign.org/ | Iodine Global Network ]] .p128 Sweatshops: bad reputation, but the best alternative available in most 3rd world countries .p131 fast transition to modern economy - the west took a century, Asian tigers took a few decades .p132 shutdowns: laid off workers to subcontractors and prostitution .p134 fair-trade: 1% to 10% of higher price reaches producers, lower wages for workers .p134 Fair Trade, Employment and Poverty Reduction (ftepr.org ) [[ https://web.archive.org/web/20230129064631/https://ftepr.org/wp-content/uploads/FTEPR-Final-Report-19-May-2014-FINAL.pdf | Report ]] .p136 Green living: lights less than 3% energy use, plastic bags 0.4%, greenhouse local more energy than international transport .p137 "Greens" diss offseting, book suggests [[ https://www.coolearth.org | Cool Earth ]] to purchase and protect rain forest [[ https://forum.effectivealtruism.org/posts/RnmZ62kuuC8XzeTBq/why-we-have-over-rated-cool-earth | rating review ]] .p141 eliminating chicken and eggs removes majority of animal suffering from diet (worst conditions) .p142 Average American diet year in animal years: 3.3 broiler chickens, 1.0 layer hens, 0.3 turkeys, 0.2 pigs, 0.1 beef cows, 0.03 dairy cows .p143 [[ https://animalcharityevaluators.org/ | Animal Charity Evaluators ]] promotes vegetarianism .p144 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-licensing | Moral Licensing ]] .p147 "Follow your passion" ... passions change .p151 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job_characteristic_theory | job characteristic theory ]] . Independence, Sense of Completion, Variety, Feedback from Job, Contribution .p163 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earning_to_give | Earning to give ]] .p164 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/App_Academy | App Academy ]] [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/App_Academy | wikipedia ]] ( ... but 5% acceptance rate) .p168 [[ https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/04/opinion/brooks-the-way-to-produce-a-person.html | David Brooks aout Jason Trigg ]] daily activity detaches you from original commitment .p169 Entrepreneurship: Why hasn't this problem been solved by markets, the state, philanthropy? .p171 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Borlaug | Norman Borlaug ]] .p173 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fields_Medal | Fields Medal ]] indicates recipient ... "capable of accomplishing something truly important, and didn't" .p175 Volunteering may consume valuable management capacity. .p181 Choosing a framework: ''scale'' of problem, ''neglectedness'', ''tractability'', ''personal fit'' .p184 global poverty, US criminal justice reform, international labor mobility, factory farming, 2 to 4℃ climate change, catastrophic climate change .p197 What to do? . Establish a habit of regular giving . Write down a plan for how you're going to incorporate effective altruism into your life . Join the [[ https://effectivealtruism.org | effective altruism community ]] . Tell others about effective altruism