http://wiki.keithl.com/EmbersOfTheHands == Embers Of The Hands == === Hidden Histories of the Viking Age === === Eleanore Barraclough . 2024 . 948.022 BAR . Bvt Lib === .p01 Prologue: Kindling .''p10 Ch01: Introduction'' .p12 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenning | kenning ]] something familiar described metaphorically . gold becomes "embers of the hands" (p24) .p20 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danevirke | Danevirke ]] Danish defensive earthwork across Jutland .p22 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_the_Great | Alfred ]] king of [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wessex | Wessex ]] .p22 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolingian_Empire | Carolingian ]] 800-887 AD .p23 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_I,_Duke_of_Normandy | King Robert Duke of Normandy ]] 911 AD .p23 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | Newfoundland ]] Seasonal camps ca. 1000 AD .p24 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%27_people | Rus ]] scandanavian people [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novgorod_Oblast | Novgorod ]] north to [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27 | Kyiv ]] south .p24 see .p12 note .p25 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Brice%27s_Day_massacre | St. Brice's Day massacre ]] 1022 mass killing of Danes in England .p25 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Sea_Empire | North Sea Empire ]] 1013-1042 .p26 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norse_settlements_in_Greenland | Greenland ]] Viking age until 1500 .p27 Scandinavian cows/sheep/goats did well, pigs did not due to freezing winters .p28 Hoards of silver on Swedish island [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotland | Gotland ]], 700 found to date .p33 texts about "repulsive pagan" Norse and Vikings written by Christian/Islamic outsiders, and later Nordic Christians .p36 Danish king [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald_Bluetooth | Harald Bluetooth ]] converted to Catholic Christianity in 1960s .p36 Viking raiders brought home Christian slaves .p37 Sweden officially converted to Christianity in twelfth century .''p47 Ch02: Beginnings'' .p49 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runes#Futhark | Futhark ]] is the Norse rune "alphabet" .p51 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessera | tesserae ]] plural of tessera, a small tile in a mosaic .p51 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sceat | sceattas ]] tiny gram-weight silver coins, cm diameter .p53 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafl_games | hnefatafl ]] gridded board game, rules lost to history .p56 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heimskringla | Heimskringla ]] Icelandic king saga written by [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snorri_Sturluson | Snorri Sturluson ]] ca. 1230 AD .''p67 Ch03: Love'' .p73 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urnes_Stave_Church | Urnes stave church ]] Norway 61°17′53″N 7°19′21″E .p74 Old Norse insult words [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergi | ergi > perverted ... anal sex? ]] andsorðinn > penetrated, sodomized .p75 [[ https://cleasby-vigfusson-dictionary.vercel.app/word/flann-fluga | fannfluga ]] [[ https://cleasby-vigfusson-dictionary.vercel.app/word/fud | fuðflogi ]] cunnus, vulva .p75 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Icelandic_Homily_Book | Icelandic Homily Book ]] lists penances, such as 10 years of flogging for homosexuality .p78 no records of "women's knowledge" .p81 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%ADs | disir ]] protective female spirits .p83 virginal [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Margaret_of_Scotland | Saint Margaret ]] Christian saint of childbirth .p84 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margr%C3%A9tar_saga | Margrétar saga ]] .p89 dense waterlogged soil preserves organic matter, birchbark documents .p89 >1000 birchbark documents in the [[ https://www.dictionary.com/browse/claggy | claggy ]] (sticky lumpy) mud of [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod | Novgorod ]] .p089 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onfim | Onfim ]] boy who decorated birchbark documents .''p92 Ch04: Travel'' .p092 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gokstad_ship | Gokstad ship ]] replicated for 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago .p102 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landn%C3%A1mab%C3%B3k | Landnámabók ]] 25 ships set out for Greenland, 11 turned back or were lost at sea .p103 Greenland walrus tusks white gold of Viking age, traded as far as Kyiv and Novgorod .p104 Walrus hide for strong ropes. Walruses could weigh two tons, 3 meters length .p107 hundreds of items from melting [[ https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/lendbreen-norway-viking-mountain-pass-180974680/ | Lendbreen ice patch ]] .p107 juniper wood bit stopped young animal from suckling all of mother's milk .p109 skis eight [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ell | ells ]] long, perhaps 8x60cm or 15? feet .p112 petroglyph on [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B8d%C3%B8ya | Rødøya island ]] vandalized by teenagers .p113 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poetic_Edda | Poetic Edda ]] and [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snorri_Sturluson | Snorri's ]] [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prose_Edda | Prose Edda ]] .p115 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_of_the_Mountain | Fjallkonan: The Mountain Woman ]] remains found in 2004 Iceland .p116 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B3lkvangr | Folkvang ]] afterlife ruled by [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freyja | Freya ]] .p117 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hel_(location) | Hel ]] is Norse/Germanic underworld where the dead reside, ''not'' "hell" where souls are punished .p119 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragnar%C3%B6k | Ragnarok ]] pagan end of the world .''p120 Ch05: Belief'' .p121 Reykjavik means smoke bay .p151 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncretism | religious syncretism ]] mixing of two belief systems .''p156 Ch06: Bodies'' .p157 Old English "Danish" means Nordic region, not just Denmark .p158 [ [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle | 865 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle ]] œ .p158 micel hœðen here "great heathen army" .p158 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guthrum | Guthrum ]] defeated by [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_the_Great | Alfred ]], converts to Christianity, becomes king of [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Anglia | East Anglia ]] .p159 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cnut | Cnut ]] 1016 King of England .p160 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald_Fairhair | Harald Fairhair ]] King of Norway 872 to 930 .Sagas say Harald would not comb hair until he commanded all Norway, hence Harald Tanglehair .p162 hair cut the Scandi-chic way, shaved in back long and shaggy in front .p162 Norman (Northmen) hairstyle on the [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayeux_Tapestry | Bayeux Tapestry ]] .p164 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Brice%27s_Day_massacre | St. Brice's Day massacre ]] some say all Danes in England, some say just invaders and their families .p166 Togtet (The Raid) exhibition at the [[ https://nationalmuseet.dk/en | National Museum of Denmark ]] .p167 Open-air bathing in Iceland hot springs .p169 Muslim ambassador re. Rus: They are the filthiest of God's creatures. The do not clean themselves ... .p171 Viking male teeth filed, grooved horizontally or diagonally, especially on Gotland island .p173 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseberg_ship | Oseberg ship burial ]] .p177 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyds_Bank_coprolite | Lloyds Bank Coprolite (turd) ]] meat, bread, intestinal worms .p184 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spondyloepiphyseal_dysplasia_congenita | spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia ]] a rare form of dwarfism .''p187 Ch07: Home'' .p190 [[ | ]] .p191 [[ | ]] .p194 [[ | ]] .p195 [[ | ]] .p205 [[ | ]] .p205 [[ | ]] .p207 [[ | ]] .p207 [[ | ]] .p207 [[ | ]] .p208 [[ | ]] .p211 [[ | ]] .p211 [[ | ]] .p211 [[ | ]] .p212 [[ | ]] .p212 [[ | ]] .p215 [[ | ]] .p216 [[ | ]] .p217 [[ | ]] .p217 [[ | ]] .p219 [[ | ]] .''p220 Ch08: Play'' .p221 [[ | ]] .p221 [[ | ]] .p222 [[ | ]] .p224 [[ | ]] .p226 [[ | ]] .p232 [[ | ]] .p234 [[ | ]] .p236 [[ | ]] .p241 [[ | ]] .p242 [[ | ]] .p248 [[ | ]] .p250 [[ | ]] .p250 [[ | ]] .p251 [[ | ]] .''p252 Ch09: Unfreedom'' .p253 [[ | ]] .p254 [[ | ]] .p256 [[ | ]] .p262 [[ | ]] .p264 [[ | ]] .''p277 Ch10: Endings'' .p290 [[ | ]] .p294 [[ | ]] .p297 [[ | ]] .p297 [[ | ]] .p299 [[ | ]] .p299 [[ | ]] .p299 [[ | ]] .p302 [[ | ]] .p303 [[ | ]] .p304 [[ | ]] .p305 [[ | ]] .p305 [[ | ]] .p305 [[ | ]]