= Improbable Destinies =
=== Fate, Chance, and the Future of Evolution ===
=== Jonathan B. Losos (Harvard), 2017,  Cedar Mill 576.8 LOSOS ===
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|| {{attachment:ParkGrassRothamstead.png | | width=200 }} || [[attachment:ParkGrassRothamstead.png | Full size ]] || p181 1843, start of 7 acre Park Grass Experiment 30 miles NW of London, testing fertilizer effects on hay.  Fertilizers favor fastest growing, best adapted species.  Plot 3 is control, with many wild species.  In 1950s, Roy Snaydon and Tony Bradshaw showed that the plants evolved quickly, and that geneflow between plots was very low. ||
 .p191 Silwood Park 40 miles SW.  20 years of fenced rabbit exclusion changed species.
 .p304 Evolved resistance to antibiotics and pesticides.  30 species of insects have the same DNA change to resist pyrethroid pesticides.
 .p305 Resistance to BT toxins which bind to proteins in insect guts.  Mutations interfere with production of binding proteins.
 .p334 ''Homo Sapiens'' is far from inevitable