= Patient Zero =
=== A Curious History of the World's Worst Diseases ===
=== Lydia Kang M.D. and Nate Pedersen ===
=== 2021 Beaverton Lib 614.49 KAN ===

 .p12 '''Zoonoses''' Making the Leap
 ."In the past 70 years, the vast majority of new infectious diseases have been caused by a virus, parasite, bacterium, or prion that jumped from animal to human" .
 .p12 1998 Nipah from bats through Malaysian pigs
 .p16 Lyme (Borrelia bacteria) from deer ticks
 .p25 '''Ebola''' ... bushmeat? (p34)
 .p38 '''Germ Theory''' Pasteur 1860
 .p50 '''The Plague''' Yersinia pestis bacteria
 .p55 San Francisco 1900 15-block area of Chinatown quarantined
 .p63 Autopsy  Herophilus 335-280 BCE, widely performed 16th century and after
 .p67 Brain jello, like firm avocado after formalin fixative
 .p67 privately ordered autopsy $3K to $5K
 .p76 Mad Cow, Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (prion) Britain 1984
 .p85 Fatal insomnia 
 .p87 Legionella 1976 
 .p100 Yellow Fever (Memphis 1878) Aedes aegypti mosquito
 .p111 COVID-19, early 2021 US led the world in infections and deaths
 .p128 H1N1 Swine flu, 2009 Ukraine prime minister Yulia Tymoshenko lost election while "overplaying dangers"
 .p130 HIV 1981, primate(?) in Democratic Republic of Congo
 .p138 AZT azidothymidine/zidovudine
 .p145 2019 38 million infected, +2M/year
 .p146 Columbian exchange diseases 
 .p154 Uncontacted people, perhaps mostly in amazonia
 .p155 Typhus 1577 Oxford outbreak
 .p162 1812 - 600K Napoleon Grand Armee attacks Moscow, typhus, 27K return
 .p167 1846 Measles in Faroe and Fiji Islands
 .p178 Hansen's Disease (Leprosy) Mycobacterium leprae, p188 transmitted to armadillos 400 years ago
 .p189 Syphilis Treponema pallidum (to Europe after first Columbus expedition)
 .p196 Karen von Blixen (Out of Africa) from husband Gustave Flaubert
 .p200 1932 Tuskegee study of untreated syphilis in Negro Males for the next 40 years
 .p201 Quackery
 .p212 Typhoid Mary Mallon 1869-1938  Salmonella typhi
 .p224 1918 Influenza
 .p229 historian John Barry suggests source was Haskell, Kansas
 .p243 Smallpox killed 1 in 7, variolization killed 6 of 242
 .p244 Jenner and cowpox
 .p251 Polio, Italian immigrants in Brooklyn 1916
 .p260 Salk killed-virus vaccine, Sabin live mutant-virus vaccine - mutated and spread again
 .p262 Roosevelt, perhaps Guillian-Barre, not polio
 .p263 Hepatitis C, improper reuse of needles and syringes
 .p272 20% of cancers blamed on infectious causes, for example human papiloma virus HPV
 .p280 Fecal microbiota transplants after Clostridioede difficile
 .p282 Cholera, Vibro cholerae
 .p288 John Snow 1854 cholera from Broad Street water pump
 .p292 Reverend Henry Whitehead proves cesspool leaked sewage into water pump 3 feet away
 .p293 Cholera treatable with oral hydration therapy, liter of water (two pints), half teaspoon of salt, six teaspoons of sugar
 .p294 Anthrax (Bacilus antracis) weaponization; WW1 Germany, Japan 1930s, Soviet Union, Iraq 2003
 .p298 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sverdlovsk_anthrax_leak | Sverdlovsk/Yekaterinburg  ]] 1979 Compound 19, missing exhaust filter
 .p300 Anthrax letters after 2001 Sept 11 attacks.  43 tested positive, 22 sick, 4 died.  Fort Detrick MD researcher [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Edwards_Ivins | Bruce Edwards Ivins ]] implicated, suicide, no conclusive proof.
 .p306 1984 Rajneshee salmonella poisoning salad bars in Wasco county, 750 sick, 45 seriously, no deaths
 .p307 Rabies (lyssavirus), nearly 100% fatal without treatment
  .p314 Pasteur attenuated vaccine .p316 prevailing treatment vaccination, rabies-immune-globulin, antivirals, support
 .p317 Tuberculosis ( Mycobacterium tuberculosis) airborne  [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculosis_management | wp management ]]
 .p329 Smallpox / Variola, last victim British medical photographer Janet Parker 1978
 .p334 may re-emerge from carcasses in thawing permafrost
 .p340 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu_Lien-teh | Wu Lien-teh ]] (layered masks)
 .p344 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sara_Little_Turnbull | Sarah Little Turnbull ]] N95 respirator