== Simon Garfield Books == http://wiki.keithl.com/SimonGarfield ----- == All the Knowledge in the World == === The Extraordinary History of the Encyclopedia === ==== Simon Garfield 2023 / Bvt Lib 030.9 GAR ==== ----- wikipedia: [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Garfield | Simon Garfield ]] [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_the_Knowledge_in_the_World | All the Knowledge in the World ]] ---- .p001 S. Garfield purchases supplements for Britannica 4th/5th/6th 1815 to 1824 .p001 formerly owned by [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Mark_Roget | P. M. Roget, MD, FRS ]] .p002-008 more Britannica sets, also [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Judaica | Encyclopedia Judaica ]] and [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Children%27s_Encyclop%C3%A6dia | The Children's Encyclopaedia ]] .p009 [[ https://news.mit.edu/2018/study-twitter-false-news-travels-faster-true-stories-0308 | MIT Study: On Twitter, false news travels faster than true stories ]] .p010 Women underappreciated until 1910 11th edition Britannica .p010 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Savage_(novelist) | Thomas Savage ]] 1967 novel [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)wiki/The_Power_of_the_Dog_(Savage_novel) | The Power of the Dog ]] .p012 Monty Python "I've come to rob your house" "Well OK, just as long as you're not selling encyclopedias." .p015-7 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Bell_(engraver) | Andrew Bell ]] big nose, engravings for 1st-4th Brittanica .p017-23 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin_Macfarquhar | Colin Macfarquhar printer, ]] [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Smellie_(encyclopedist) | William Smellie editor ]] .p029-33 Alphabetical order became widespread in 1400s .p033 Alphabetical order encouraged buyers of shilling volumes A and B to purchase the rest .p033 abecedarianism .p034 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge | Samuel Taylor Coleridge ]] p155 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Metropolitana | Encyclopædia Metropolitana ]] .p038 Encyclopedia Britannica 1st Ed sold last of 3000 sets in 1770s .p039 Smellie becomes owner of [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crochallan_Fencibles | Crochallan Fencibles ]] drinking club .p041 [[ https://www.britannica.com/contributor/Robert-L-Collison/599 | Robert Lewis Collison UK 1914-1989 ]][[ https://search.worldcat.org/title/368968 | Encyclopaedias: Their History Throughout the Ages ]] 40 encyclopedias predating Britannica .p043 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder | Pliny the Elder ]] [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny) | Naturalis Historia ]] AD 77-79-?? .p047 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville | Bishop Isadore of Seville ]][[ https://www.up.edu/garaventa/did-you-know/internet-patron-saints.html | "patron saint of the internet" ]] .p057 Chalcenterocity: "bowels of brass, possessing a tough, indominable and possibly foolhardy nature" [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suda | Suda ]] 10th century Byzantine encyclopedia .p062 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otia_Imperialia | Otia Imperialia ]] [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gervase_of_Tilbury | Gervase of Tilbury ]] .p066 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speculum_Maius | Speculum Maius, the Great Mirror ]] [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_of_Beauvais | Vincent of Beuvais ]] .p069 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Canterbury_Tales | The Canterbury Tales ]] [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer | Chaucer ]] .p071 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yongle_Encyclopedia | Yongle Dadian ]] 1403-8 . 370 (not 3.7) million characters on 22937 manuscript rolls/chapters, 11085 volumes (917,000? pages?) .p071 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yongle_Emperor | Zhu Di ]] 370 (not 3.7) million characters on 917,000(??) pages .p075 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leishu | leishu ]] Chinese encyclopedia .p075 [[ https://clevelandart.libguides.com/SikuQuanshu#:~:text=Introduction,a%20unique%2C%20fully%20online%20format. | Siku Quanshu ]] .p076 ref note ''König and Woolf, above'' note on page 54 [[ https://search.worldcat.org/title/844073740 | Encyclopedism from Antiquity to the Renaissance ]] .p079 [[ https://search.worldcat.org/title/844073740 | Shakespeare's Encyclopedias in König and Woolf ]] [[ https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/english/people/nppr/ | Neil Rhodes ]] .p083 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephraim_Chambers | Ephraim Chambers ]] [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclopaedia,_or_an_Universal_Dictionary_of_Arts_and_Sciences | Cyclopædia ]] .p086 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Fureti%C3%A8re | Antoine Furetière ]] 1690 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionnaire_universel | Dictionnaire universel ]] .p086 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Harris_(writer) | John Harris ]] [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexicon_Technicum | Lexicon Technicum ]] .p086 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Keill | John Keill ]] [[ https://search.worldcat.org/title/5041810 | An examination of Dr. Burnet's Theory of the Earth 1698 ]] .p093 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_Diderot | Denis Diderot ]] and his brilliant (but cancer-disfigured) sister Denise .p094 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die | Encyclopédie ]] 1751-1772 28 volumes 71,818 articles .p094 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Volland | Sophie Volland ]] Diderot's lover .p099 [[ https://search.worldcat.org/title/21520545 | The Encyclopedists as individuals : a biographical dictionary of the authors of the Encyclopédie ]] Frank A. and Serena L. Kafker .p100 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_le_Rond_d%27Alembert | Jean-Baptiste le Rond d'Alembert ]] .p102 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_le_Breton | François le Breton ]]] .p105 Diderot's 1765 "Human Species" article ''comically ignorant'' of "degenerate" foreigners and enslaved people .p109 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre_Deleyre| Alexandre Deleyre ]] .p109 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Louis | Antoine Louis ]] .p110 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph-Ignace_Guillotin | Joseph-Ignace Guillotin ]] [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillotine | Guillotin ]] .p110 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Joseph_Menuret | Jean-Joseph Menuret de Chambard ]] Manstrupation=masturbation .p110 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Necker | Louis Necker de Germany ]] .p110 Jean-David Perronet ?? .p111 '''[[ https://quod.lib.umich.edu/d/did | The Encyclopedia of Diderot & D'Alembert Collaborative Translation Project ]]''' .p111 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Joseph_Barthez | Paul-Joseph Barthez ]][[ https://quod.lib.umich.edu/d/did/did2222.0000.181/--woman?rgn=main;view=fulltext;q1=Paul-Joseph+Barthez | Women ]] .p112 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire | Voltaire ]] [[ https://quod.lib.umich.edu/d/did/did2222.0000.232/--elegance?rgn=main;view=fulltext;q1=Voltaire | Elegance ]] [[ https://quod.lib.umich.edu/d/did/did2222.0000.088/--history?rgn=main;view=fulltext;q1=Voltaire | History ]] .p113 [[ https://quod.lib.umich.edu/d/did/did2222.0000.168/--taste?rgn=main;view=fulltext;q1=Voltaire | Taste ]] .p114 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau | Jean-Jacques Rousseau ]] [[ https://quod.lib.umich.edu/d/did/did2222.0000.121/--economy-abridged?rgn=main;view=fulltext;q1=Rousseau | Political Economy ]] .p115 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Flaubert | Gustave Flaubert ]] [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouvard_et_P%C3%A9cuchet | Bouvard et Pécuchet ]] .p118 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_August_Franckenstein | Jacob August Franckenstein ]] [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grosses_vollst%C3%A4ndiges_Universal-Lexicon | Grosses vollständiges Universal-Lexicon ]] 284,000 entries, 63,000 pages, 67 million words .p123 Encyclopedia Britannica second edition 1784, 3 volumes to 10, 12 pounds, four times cost per set, 15 years of a carpenter's salary .p125 new editor [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Tytler | James Tytler ]] .p126 new articles "steam engines" and [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method_of_Fluxions | "Fluxions" ]] .p132 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Dobson_(printer) | Dobson's Encyclopaedia 1789 ]] Americanized "Britannica" .p136 omissions: Declaration of Independence, no Americans (not even Benjamin Franklin) .p137 fire, generous support, set comleted 1798 .p141 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oeconomische_Encyclop%C3%A4die | Ökonmishce Encyklopädie ]] 1773 to 1858, 242 volumes .p143 [[ https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=7gtCAAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PA2&hl=en | Conversations-Lexikon oder kurzgefasstes Handwörterbuch für die in der gesellschaftlichen Unterhaltung aus den Wissenschaften und Künsten vorkommenden Gegenständen: mit beständiger Rücksicht auf die Ereignisse der älteren und neueren Zeit ]] almost 200 years to 2006 .p144 known as "Brockhaus" .p144 [[ https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renatus_Gotthelf_L%C3%B6bel | Renatus Gotthelf Löbel ]] ->[[ https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Arnold_Brockhaus | Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus ]] .p145 designed for young adults, not just highly qualified .p145 translated "Brockhaus" 7th edition evolved into [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana | Encyclopedia Americana (1829-33) ]] .p147 [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclop%C3%A6dia,_or_an_Universal_Dictionary_of_Arts_and_Sciences | Cyclopaedia ]] expanded between 1802 and 1819, references to end-of-alphabet topics waited more than a decade .p148 weird ordering, i.e. "York, New" .p149 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A9die_M%C3%A9thodique | Encyclopédie méthodique ]] .p152 Brittanica 7th (1830-1842) and 8th (1853-1860) 21 volumes .p154 Single subject (gardening, music) "encyclopedias .p155 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge | Samuel Taylor Coleridge ]] [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Metropolitana | Encyclopaedia Metropolitana ]] 1817-1845, 30 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarto | quarto ]] volumes .p160 Brittanica 9th Vol 1 1875 Vol 24 1888 .p161 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_William_Strutt,_3rd_Baron_Rayleigh | Rayleigh ]] and [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ramsay | Ramsey ]] isolated "rare" (??? 0.93% ) gas [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon | Argon ]] in 1894, 1904 Nobel Prize in Chemistry .p168 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Everett_Hooper | Horace Hooper ]] and [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times | The Times ]] advertising manager Henry Haxton .p170 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition | Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition ]] 1910-1911 . [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco_leather | Morocco leather ]] .p174 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amuse-bouche | amuse bouche ]] "mouth amuser" free chef-selected appetizer .p177 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malpighian_layer | Malphagian ]] .p179 note [[ https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED090113.pdf ]] .p182 11th edition (1910-1911) one million sets, more than previous editions combined .p183 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet_E._Courtney | Janet Courtney ]] High Holborn offices .p186 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnes_Mary_Clerke | Agnes Mary Clerke ]] ... four books on astronomy . In 2002, Mary Brück wrote [[ https://search.worldcat.org/title/47805069 | Agnes Mary Clerke and the Rise of Astrophysics ]] .p187 male-dominated; Marie Curie mentioned briefly in the "Pierre Curie" article .p188 Bookcases made before books; too narrow, so W-Z entries paired down .editor [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm | Hugh Chisholm ]] suggested eliminating "Women" article entirely .p193 note [[ https://archive.org/details/humanizingofknow00robi/page/94/mode/2up | The Humanizing of Knowledge ]] by James Harvey Robinson 1924 .p195 Contributors paid 2 cents per word, Einstein paid $86.40 for "Space-Time". .p196 14th edition, 24 volumes, 1929 to 1974 .p199 Anthony Burgess 22k word article "novel", .examples "upending classical myth" include his 1949/1965[[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Vision_of_Battlements | A Vision of Battlements ]] [[ https://search.worldcat.org/title/995773854 | Worldcat, Amazon ]] [[ https://archive.org/details/visionofbattleme0000burg | Archive ]] .p200 Encyclopedias in David Copperfield, The Red-Headed League, Vonnegut's "Where I Live" .p202 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge_Luis_Borges | Jorge Luis Borges ]] 1941 [[ https://archive.org/details/TheLibraryOfBabel | The Library of Babel ]] .p215 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._G._Wells | H.G. Wells ]] [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Brain | World Encyclopedia ]] ... 1937 "no world conflict for 2 years, nations not quite ready" .p221 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Work,_Wealth_and_Happiness_of_Mankind | The Work, Wealth and Happiness of Mankind ]] [[ https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.236513/page/n3/mode/2up | 901pp ]] H. G. Wells, 1932, 850 pages .p223 [[ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mgtm-UudtBs | Monty Python encyclopedia salesman ]] .p224 [[ https://www.abebooks.com/servlet/SearchResults?cm_sp=plpafe-_-all-_-soft&an=terry%20jones&attrs=sc&bi=s&ds=5&sortby=17&tn=feggs%20nasty%20book%20knowledge | Dr. Fegg's Encyclopedia of All World Knowledge: (Formerly the Nasty Book) ]] .p238 [[ https://search.worldcat.org/title/3833320 | The Myth of the Britannica]], physicist [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvey_Einbinder | Harvey Einbinder]], at PSU lbrary .p243 [[ | Peter Rosengard ]] [[ | Talking to Strangers: The Adventures of a Life Insurance Salesman ]] .p248 [[ | James Murphy ]] [[ https://search.worldcat.org/title/900158530?oclcNum=900158530 | Who Says You Can't Sell Ice To Eskimos? ]] .p243-258 deceptive sales practices, i.e. claiming "advertising research" .p259 Philip Larkin, homosexuality began in 1929, "Sexual Inversion" .p266 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_von_Humboldt#Sexuality | Alexander von Humboldt ]] .p267 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Encyclopedia | The Columbia Encyclopedia ]] 1935 .p270 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Feynman | Richard Feynman ]] 1959 [[ https://calteches.library.caltech.edu/47/2/1960Bottom.pdf | Plenty of Room at the Bottom ]] .p271 footnote [[ https://www.simongarfield.com/books/in-miniature/ | In Miniature ]] 2019 WCCLS Cmill Tual 745.5928 .p276 1974 15th edition, Propedia, 10 volume Micropedia 102K topics, 19 volume Macropedia 4200 topics .p283 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._J._Jacobs | A. J. Jacobs ]] 2004 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Know-It-All | The Know-It-All ]] Central 031 J17k 2004 read entire 15th edition in a year .p285 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Two_Ronnies | The Two Ronnies ]] [[ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vIarMy-Q58o | The Encyclopaedia Salesman ]] .p287 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Kister | Kister's ]] [[ https://search.worldcat.org/title/30353313 | Kister's best encyclopedias ]] PSU .p293 Harvard's [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shane_Greenstein | Shane Greenstein 2017 ]] paper [[ https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=2758876 | The Reference Wars ]] also [[ https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=6dde5dcdd745b99bf199c1087d03e8fa8088266b | Is Wikipedia Biased? 2012 ]] .p296-302 development of [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encarta | Encarta ]] 1993-2009 . book attributes Encarta failure to the PC, Wikipedia references attribute failure to Wikipedia :-) .p305 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikimania | Wikimania 5 day conference ]] .p306 Thank God our enterprise works in practice, because it could never work in theory. .p315 550 staff and contractors .p319 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donna_Strickland | Donna Strickland ]] 2018 Nobel Physics Prize [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirped_pulse_amplification | Chirped Pulse Amplification ]] .p320 October 2019 17.8% Wikipedia biographies about women .p324 [[ https://larrysanger.org/ | Larry Sanger ]] left Wikipedia in 2002, founded [[ https://www.citizendium.org/| Citizendium ]] in 2006, intended for rigor and fact checking . [[arrysanger.org/2025/02/how-a-skeptical-philosopher-becomes-a-christian/ | Larry Sanger becomes a Christian ]] .p325 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change | Climate change ]] "semi-protected? .p326 [[ https://www.britannica.com/science/climate-change | Britannica Climate change ]] .p329 [[ https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=LAH19100201.2.108.73&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1 | "wub" (Peter Coombe, b 1987) adds reference to exploding duck ]] .p333 at time of writing, Koavf (Justin Knapp) 2098059 edits, Ser Amatntio di Nicolao 3756703 edits .p339 "Operation Enduring Encyclopedia" not found .p342 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janeen_Uzzell | Janeen Uzzell ]] COO Wikipedia before 2021 .p343 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Maher | Katherine Maher ]] Wikipedia roles 2014 to 2021 .p344 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryana_Iskander | Maryana Iskander ]] Wikipedia CEO .p345 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_K._Funk | Isaac Kaufmann Funk ]] [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Willis_Wagnalls | Adam Willis Wagnalls ]] Funk & Wagnalls company 1877 -> ''Encarta'' .p346 [[ https://www.julianbaggini.com/bibliocide/ | Burning moldy Britannica ]] .p350 [[ https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=X7aJ3xaDMuM | Teens React to Encyclopedias ]] .p355 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicentennial_of_the_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica | 1968 Bicentennial ]] .p359 [[ http://www.ignorance.medicine.arizona.edu/ignorance.html | Map of Ignorance ]] .p359 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piet_Hein_(scientist) | Piet Hein ]]: Knowing what / thou knowest not / is in a sense / omniscience .p359 ''Nichtwossenskulturen'', cultures of ignorance .p369 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBywiec | Żywiec ]] 14 lines in Britannica; Wikipedia: 100+ lines, 17 photos, map, dozens of links, 17 references [[ | ]] [[ | ]] [[ | ]] [[ | ]] [[ | ]] [[ | ]] [[ | ]] [[ | ]] [[ | ]] [[ | ]] [[ | ]]