== The Tale Of The Dueling Neurosurgeons == ==== The History of the Human Brain as Revealed by True Stories of Trauma, Madness, and Recovery ==== === 2014 Sam Kean . . 617.48 KEA . . Beaverton Library === rebuses: Introduction:Pons Ch1:Skull_bones Ch2:Gray_Matter Ch3:Neuron_Circuit Ch4:Occipital_Lobe Ch5:Motor_Cortex Ch6:Cerebellum Ch7:Limbic_System Ch8:Temporal_Lobe Ch9:Parietal_Lobe Ch10:Hippocampus Ch11:Corpus_Callosum Ch12:Frontal_Lobe .07 Sleep paralytic author .19 1559 French king Henri II jousting injury, splinter in eye, shock trauma .24 Royal (barber-)surgeon [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambroise_Par%C3%A9 | Ambroise Paré ]], invents new treatments .27 Spanish king sends royal physician [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Vesalius | Andreas Vesalius ]] .29 1540 A.V. lists 200 anatomy errors of [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galen | Galen ]] .31 A.V. ''[[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Humani_Corporis_Fabrica_Libri_Septem | On the Fabric of the Human Body ]]'' 1543 .34 internal trauma, brain swelling, King dies July 10 .35 A.V. and A.P. autopsy, rear brain damaged, [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup_contrecoup_injury | contracoup injury ]], no lance shards in brain .37 Paré handbook for military surgeons, book about head wounds .39 Vesalius cures a prince (friar credited and canonized), later dies Zakynthos island Greece . fooey, there was no duel, Paré and Vesalius collaborated .45 Charles Guiteau, disappointed office seeker p48 shoots Pres. Garfield in lower back July 2 .48 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_Willard_Bliss | Dr. Doctor Bliss ]] (sic) confident fool, infected wound .52 Guiteau executed, brain autopsied, microscopic brain damage .53 1873 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camillo_Golgi | Camillo Golgi ]] silver-stained brain, [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal | Cajal ]] discovers separate neurons, axons drive dendrites, [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron_doctrine | neuron doctrine ]] .84 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synesthesia | Synesthesia ]], mixing senses, color/sound, color/letters, sixty known types . Feynman saw colored symbols in equations, random 2s among 5s pop out as colors (they pop out for me, but not as colors) .86 1938 Albert Hoffman LSD .89 no new or repaired neurons, but new pathways .90 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org//wiki/Paul_Bach-y-Rita | Paul Bach-y-Rita ]] neuroscientist, sensory subtitution, neuroplasticity .101 facial masks, [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatsuji_Inouye | Tatsuji Inouye ]] maps [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occipital_lobe | occipital lobe ]],[[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_cortex#Primary_visual_cortex_(V1) | primary visual cortex ]] from bullet path damage .110 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortical_column#Hubel_and_Wiesel_studies | Hubel and Wiesel ]] neurons sense lines at specific angles, biased towards movement .113 "what" down to temporal lobes, "where" to parietal lobes .115 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpesviridae | herpes ]] ἕρπειν (herpein 'to creep') can migrate up olfactory nerves to the brain, specialized recognition circuits damaged, classes of objects disappear .117 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusiform_face_area | Fusiform face area FFA ]] .120-126 face transplants .131-134 phantom limbs, fictional George Dedlow, [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silas_Weir_Mitchell_(physician) | Silas Weir Mitchell ]] .152 novel [[ https://worldcat.org/title/273870 | Hugh Wynne, Free Quaker ]] novel, Teddy Roosevelt favorite [[ https://www.addall.com/SuperRare/UsedRare.cgi?title=&author=&title=Hugh+Wynne+%3A+free+Quaker | 2 volume used, ~$15 for pair ]] .139 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini%C3%A9_rifle | Minié rifle ]], horrible gaping wounds, 3 times deadlier, 90% of casualties .147 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V._S._Ramachandran | V. S. Ramachandran ]] mirror box, "seeing" mirror limb abates pain, remaps brain .157 Papua New Guinea [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuru_(disease) | Kuru ]], women ate victim's brains .160 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org//wiki/Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek | Carleton Gajdusek ]] [[ https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1640702/ | The Genius and the Boys, TV Movie 2009 ]] .168 William Hadlow, resembles [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrapie | Scrapie ]] in sheep and goats .176 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_B._Prusiner | Stanley B. Prusiner ]] 1970s [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prion | Prions ]] brain protein same sequence mangled shape .185 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvey_Cushing | Harvey Cushing ]] orders [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Sharpe_(surgeon) | William Sharpe ]] to steal pituitary from [[ https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/127853950/john-turner | John “Giant” Turner ]] corpse at funeral home .199 S.M. amydala damaged by [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbach%E2%80%93Wiethe_disease | Urbach–Wiethe disease ]], no fear, other emotions intact .203 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kl%C3%BCver%E2%80%93Bucy_syndrome | Klüver–Bucy syndrome ]] hyperoral, indifferent to pain .205 One person's syndrome was another's lucky day .221 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilder_Penfield | Wilder Penfield ]] surgeon, sister's brain tumor removal 12/1928, she recovers some, then dies July 1931 .224 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Swedenborg | Emanuel Swedenborg ]] armchair neuroanatomy .226 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epilepsy | epilepsy ]] [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyodor_Dostoevsky | Fyodor Dostoevsky ]] [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_lobe_epilepsy | Temporal lobe epilepsy ]] .233 1874 Dr. Roberts Bartholomew pain-shocks brain of Mary Rafferty, censured and successful .235 Penfield maps brains with small stimulus, patient verbal feedback .236 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortical_homunculus | Cortical homunculus ]] .237 evidence of brain rewiring and shifting brain territories .238 Penfield thought locus of consciousness near brainstem, actually diffuse, later mind-body dualism .243 autumn 1919 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson | Wilson ]] tour promoting [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Nations | League of Nations ]], headaches . probable strokes in 1896 and 1906 and on the cancelled tour October, intransigence torpedoed L.O.T. .246 Supreme Court [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_O._Douglas | William O. Douglas ]] stroke 1975 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anosognosia | anosognosia ]] .248 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemispatial_neglect | Hemispatial neglect ]] [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anosognosia | anosognosia ]] .250 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capgras_delusion | Capgras delusion ]], replacement by imaginary imposter . conscious recognition, no subliminal emotional recognition, opposite of face blindness .255 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamais_vu | Jamais vu ]] .256 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_hand_syndrome | Alien hand syndrome ]], damage to corpus collosum .260 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_syndrome | Alice in Wonderland syndrome ]] distortion of perception .262 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotard%27s_syndrome | Cotard's syndrome ]], believes self dead .269 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiamine_deficiency | Thiamine deficiency ]], beri beri from polished rice .271 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_de_Wardener | Hugh de Wardener ]] in [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changi_Prison | Changi prison camp ]] proves thiamine deficiency cause of beriberi .272 not alcohol [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korsakoff_syndrome | Korsakoff syndrome ]] or [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wernicke%E2%80%93Korsakoff_syndrome | Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome WKS ]] .278 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Beecher_Scoville | Dr. William Beecher Scoville ]] removes hippocampus of [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Gustav_Molaison | H. M. ]], [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explicit_memory | declarative memory ]] amnesia, opposed to [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implicit_memory | procedural/motor ]] memory .283 and [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-term_memory | Short-term memory ]] and [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_memory | Spatial memory ]] .287 patient K. C. [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_memory | Semantic memory ]] facts but not [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episodic_memory | Episodic memory ]] personal experiences .291 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Shereshevsky | Solomon Shereshevsky ]] (with [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synesthesia | synesthesia ]] ) studied by [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Luria | Alexander Luria ]] .296 act of remembering can rewrite memories .301 Simon Auburtin localization .304 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Broca | Paul Broca ]] patient "Tan" [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broca%27s_area | Broca's area ]] rear frontal area, speech production .305 Msr. Lelong 5 words: Lelo (his name) ''oui, non, tois (~3) toujours''' (always) .306 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wernicke%27s_area | Wernicke's area ]] speech comprehension .308 second language distinct neural circuits, speech and singing different circuits .309 reading connects visual cortex to Wernicke's area, alexia sine agraphia .310 [[ https://dokumen.tips/documents/a-reappraisal-of-the-controversy-of-dax-and-broca.html?page=1 | Broca / Dax affair ]] .314 Sever [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_callosum | Corpus callosum ]], stop seizures .318 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_consciousness | Dual consciousness ]] after corpus callosotomy .318 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Wolcott_Sperry | Roger Sperry ]] and [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Gazzaniga | Michael Gazzaniga ]] experiments .319 left brain vs. right brain thinking .323 left brain confabulates what right brain does .325 portraits show left side of face, subjects facing left side of the canvas .326 Sigmund Freud and Richard Feynman trouble telling left from right .331 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phineas_Gage | Phineas Gage ]] 1848 injury .335 personality changes, many details not recorded .339 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clive_Wearing | Clive Wearing ]] composer, age 46 meningitis, always "just woken up" .344 joyful every time his wife visits .344 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krista_and_Tatiana_Hogan | Krista and Tatiana Hogan ]]conjoined-brain twins born British Columbia 2006 .350 Gage move to Chile in 1852, returns 1859, died May 21 age 36, almost 12 years after accident .351 exhumed and examined by Dr. John Harlow in 1867, publishes case report 1868 .355 end of discursive summation