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.p087 teen drivers in accidents are ×1.44 more likely to die with teen passenger, ×0.36 less likely with >35 yo passenger .p094 When a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure, because people game the score .p095 Schools evaluated by student test scores teach "to the test" and memorization, not thinking .p101 "50% of scientific papers never read" false, made-up statistic; actually 50% uncited after 4 years, but perhaps read many times .p102 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Garfield | Eugene Garfield ]] founder of [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_Citation_Index_Expanded | Science Citation Index ]] couldn't correct this falsehood .p106 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_bias | Selection bias; ]] results influenced by act of sampling |
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.p120 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkson%27s_paradox | Berkson's paradox ]] i.e. attractiveness and niceness; people rarely choose neither, so the remainder chosen correlate negatively .p125 hence Yeats: "The best lack all conviction, while the worst are full of passionate intensity . the worst who lack conviction live in Mom's basement, where they are not observed |
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Calling Bullshit
The Art of Skepticism in a Data-Driven World
Carl T. Bergstrom & Jevin D. West . 2020 . BeavLib 149.73 BER
References but no traceable footnotes or citations
- p029 Misinformation: false claims, not intentionally deceptive
- p029 Disinformation: deliberately spread falsehoods
p030 WhatsApp
p031 2017 Facebook admits 126M US users exposed to Russian propaganda
- p032 Firehose strategy disorients audiences. Eschew consistency, exhaust critical thinking
- p032 Purpose: advertising revenue
- p032 Teens in Macedonia earning $5000/mo, "Pope Francis Shocks the World, Endorses Trump for President"
- p034 mid-2017 FCC net neutrality, 21.7M citizen comments, most fraudulent, 500K similar comments sent at the same exact second 2017 July 19 2:57:15 pm EDT, 500K from Russia
- p038 Superfluous details make lies more persuasive
- p039 With nothing to say, bullshit fills space with inconsequentials
- p040 persuasive (exaggerated authority) or evasive (deflect uncomfortable questions) bullshit
- p040 jargon to exclude outsiders
p041 Bruno Latour Pandora's Hope: Essays on the Reality of Science 1999
- p041 When mechanisms (machines, theories) are well established, we should still examine inputs
p042 example black box: ANCOVA Analysis of covariance
- p043 Bullshit: biased input or obvious problems with output
- p047 detecting felons from photos: training photos of felons are scowling, nonfelon photos are attractive
- p064 Pitchers versus glasses - pitcher don't make us drink more, we order pitchers when we intend to drink more
p087 teen drivers in accidents are ×1.44 more likely to die with teen passenger, ×0.36 less likely with >35 yo passenger
- p094 When a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure, because people game the score
- p095 Schools evaluated by student test scores teach "to the test" and memorization, not thinking
- p101 "50% of scientific papers never read" false, made-up statistic; actually 50% uncited after 4 years, but perhaps read many times
p102 Eugene Garfield founder of Science Citation Index couldn't correct this falsehood
p106 Selection bias; results influenced by act of sampling
p120 Berkson's paradox i.e. attractiveness and niceness; people rarely choose neither, so the remainder chosen correlate negatively
- p125 hence Yeats: "The best lack all conviction, while the worst are full of passionate intensity
- the worst who lack conviction live in Mom's basement, where they are not observed
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