Dead Wood

The Afterlife of Trees

Ellen Wohl . PSUlib SD387.C63 W64 2022

• p010 OSU old-growth H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest taught us value of dead wood in forests around 1980

• p011 Mark Harmon orst.edu emeritus 2001 "Moving towards a new paradigm for woody detritus management" morticulture NSF 2015

• p024 Spruce seedling 8 inches tall in 10 years

• p025 matures 300 years, 3 foot trunk, can live 600 years https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoecy

• p025 meristematic stem cells

• p025 xylem water transport tissue

• p025 phloem nutrient transport tissue

• p025 David Haskell The Songs of Trees

• p026 Youngest wood carries water and nutrients,

• p026 inner bark and sapwood remains alive, dead still useful, heartwood structural, retards infections

• p027 four sided needles are leaves, connect at petiole

• p033 Brown Creeper resembles tree bark

• p034 nuthatch resin globules on nest entrance deter predators

• p043 flammulated owls

• p046 frazil ice irregular submillimeter crystals

• p048 brook trout with half-swallowed vole ( 8 to 23 cm long )

• p048 hyporheic zone sediment and porous space around steam, "river's liver

• p050 wood in stream looks untidy, habitat for many organisms

• p052 Collembolans hexapods; not "insects" because mouthparts internal

• p052 David George Haskell The Song of Trees .p95 rot is a detonation of possibility

• p052 red backed voles within fallen trees

• p053 shrews are Eulipotyphla not rodents

• p053 (some!) shrews are venomous

• p056 Western Redcedar

• p056 Queets River https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Peninsula

• p057 Douglas-fir is pine family not true fir (hyphen is clue)

  • p057 "That's why scientists prefer Latin names.

• p058 Underplating hydrated ocean crust melt under continental crust

• p061 olive-sided flycatcher aggressively defend 100 acre territories, chase away squirrels

• p063 western redcedar vegling clones, no genetic diversity
• p065 one example 17% of forest tree volume, 82% of root length

• p067 cones at 10 years, male and female cones on different branches monoecious

• p067 In spring, black bears girdle trees to feed on phloem, one bear can girdle up to 70 trees per day

• p067 mountain beavers and porcupines also girdle trees

• p069 downed wood stores half the nitrogen and 60% of phosphorus in forest

• p070 Cyanobacteria in epiphytic bryophytes capture more nitrogen then forest floor

• p070 support tall PNW trees, greatest density of carbon
• p072 Queets river forest canopy can accumulate 100K cu.yards of canopy organisms per acre, 62 feet thick
• p072 upper canopy uses bird waste
• p073 large trees can support 1100 pounds of bryophytes and 1000 pounds of ferns

• p074 marbled murrelets nest in canopy lichens and moss

• p075 ~20 inch pileated woodpeckers nest in western redcedar rot cavities

• p076 patagium membrane between limbs of Northern Flying Squirrels

• p077 salamandersregenerate lost body parts, researchers hope to copy in humanshttps://www.visitlongmont.org/listing/button-rock-preserve/19207/

• p077 western redcedars can live 1000 years, floods topple them sooner (300y in example)
• p083 fallen redcedars buried, eroded, float downstream
• p084 river teeth: flattened, oblong hand-sized fragments of dead tree

• p085 mayfly larva resembles miniature scorpion

• p085 macroinvertebrates as much as half of stream biomass

• p086 ouzels

• p086 labile carbon in easily broken-down compounds

• p087 graywacke stones hard sandstone

• p089 sandhoppers sand-fleas xylophage eat wood

• p093 gibbles bore into wood

• p093 Balsam poplar farthest north deciduous tree in North America

• p093 ice free corridor between eastern Laurentide and western Cordilleran ice sheets

• p096 poplar seeding leaves expand in 24 hours, a dozen leaves by end of summer, 2 inches tall
• p098 browsing moose can break 2 inch stems
• p099 alder/bacteria symbiotes fix nitrogen, "eat bedrock" for calcium and phosphorus
• p102 across river meanders, tree ages vary by 50 years

• p102 Engelmann spruce or white/mountain/silver spruce

• p105 bank swallows 89% decline since 1970

• p105 Yellow-bellied sapsuckers prefer Black poplar nesting cavities

  • "crimson-crowned" better description of bird

• p109 Fort Liard trading post

• p110 Mackenzie river massive wood flood every 20 to 30 years

• p111 Beavers slap tails on water near lodge to sound alarm

• p112 Grand Canyon of the Liard

• p115 Indigenes used driftwood and celebrated its appearance

• p120 Fort Good Hope

• p122 pingo ice-cored hill 3-70 meters high

• p125 eroding arctic permafrost releasesn much CO2

• p126 The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost

• p126 Beaufort Gyre

• p127 losing thick opaque ice
• p127 few species of all marine fungi cataloged by scientists
• p128 driftwood can raft and drop stones into deep sea sediments along with driftood organisms that survive in the depths

• p129 Porcelain crabs in deep sea eat wood and biofilm

• p129 not yet studied in Arctic

• p130 sunken -wood communities studied by Challenger expedition 1872–1876

• p131 Lignin difficult to degrade, sunken logs persist

• p131 peanut worms

• p132 hagfish carbon from land

• p132 woodfalls on seafloor rarely discovered

• p132 Taiwan Typhoon Morakot washed millions of tons of trees into sea

• p133 Oregon driftwood logs reach Marshall Islands

• p133 driftwood removed from Ralph Price Reservoir in Colorado

• p133 58,000 dams severe reduction in wood supply to oceans

• p134 sediment cascade

• p134 no one measures wood transport in rivers

• p135 crowberry bearberry Ross' avens