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| . Chemistry escapes me. Too many un-descriptive "historical" names for processes, substances, molecules. Hence chapters 2, 3, and 4 are as difficult to internalize as lists of the crowned heads of Europe (and the wars they started, won, and mostly lost) ---- |
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.p022 [[ https://www.brainyquote.com/authors/galileo-galilei-quotes | Galileo: ]] "I do not feel obligated to believe that the same God who has given us our senses, reason, and intelligence, wishes us to abandon their use" |
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.p033 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonuclease_P | Ribonuclease P ]] !RNase P . broad class of RNA+Protein molecules that cut specific cellular RNAs in [[ https://www.dnatestingexperts.com/what-does-rnase-do-things-students-should-know-about/ | specific ways ]] .p033 The RNA does the work, the attached protein neutralizes the large negative charge of the RNA molecule .p033 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Altman | Sidney Altman ]] and colleagues added Mg++ magnesium ions, achieving similar neutralization .p034 discoveries of many self-cleaving RNAs that catalyze chemical reactions .p034 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Gilbert | Walter Gilbert ]] catchphrase [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_world_hypothesis | RNA World ]] .p037 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_A._Steitz | Yale biochemist Thomas Steitz ]] [[ https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.289.5481.878 | The ribosome is a ribozyme ]] .p038 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_DNA | RNA World replaced by more stable DNA ]] |
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.p043 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formose_reaction | formose synthesis ]], sugar from formaldehyde .p046 British chemist [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sutherland_(chemist) | John Sutherland ]] .p048 pH buffer and catalyst makes [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Aminooxazole | 2-aminooxazole 2AO ]] synthesis efficient, [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_chemistry | systems chemistry ]] example .p048 2AO plus [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyceraldehyde | glyceraldehyde ]] produces [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribose_aminooxazoline | RAO .p057 Where did SO₂ come from? Volcanic eruptions. [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Pinatubo | Pinatubo ]] released enough SO₂ haze to cool Earth for 2 years. |
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.p087 dipolar membrane molecules [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphiphile | amphiphilic ]], hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends, self-assembly of bilayer membranes .p087 early Earth environment origin difficult to explain .p089 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_acid | fatty acids ]] spontaneously assemble into bilayers in water, model protocells .p091 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Oparin | Alexander Oparin ]] proposed [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coacervate | coaverate ]] aggregates of polymers .p092 [[ | ]] .p093 [[ | ]] .p094 [[ | ]] .p095 [[ | ]] .p096 [[ | ]] .p097 [[ | ]] .p100 [[ | ]] .p101 [[ | ]] .p101 [[ | ]] .p102 [[ | ]] .p103 [[ | ]] .p104 [[ | ]] .p105 [[ | ]] .p106 [[ | ]] .p106 [[ | ]] .p107 [[ | ]] .p107 [[ | ]] .p108 [[ | ]] .p108 [[ | ]] .p108 [[ | ]] .p109 [[ | ]] .p109 [[ | ]] .p109 [[ | ]] .p110 [[ | ]] .p111 [[ | ]] .p111 [[ | ]] .p112 [[ | ]] .p112 [[ | ]] .p112 [[ | ]] .p113 [[ | ]] .p117 [[ | ]] .p117 [[ | ]] |
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| [[ https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/aaed3a | summary ]] [[ https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/aaed3a/pdf | pdf ]] |
.[[ https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/aaed3a | summary ]] [[ https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/aaed3a/pdf | pdf ]] |
Is Earth Exceptional?
The Quest for Cosmic Life
Mario Livio & Jack Szostak . 2024 . 576.83 LIVIO . Cedar Mill Library
- Chemistry escapes me. Too many un-descriptive "historical" names for processes, substances, molecules. Hence chapters 2, 3, and 4 are as difficult to internalize as lists of the crowned heads of Europe (and the wars they started, won, and mostly lost)
p001 Chapter 1: A Freak Chemical Accident or a Cosmic Imperative?
p022 Galileo: "I do not feel obligated to believe that the same God who has given us our senses, reason, and intelligence, wishes us to abandon their use"
p025 Chapter 2: The Origin of Life: The RNA World
p033 Ribonuclease P !RNase P
broad class of RNA+Protein molecules that cut specific cellular RNAs in specific ways
- p033 The RNA does the work, the attached protein neutralizes the large negative charge of the RNA molecule
p033 Sidney Altman and colleagues added Mg++ magnesium ions, achieving similar neutralization
- p034 discoveries of many self-cleaving RNAs that catalyze chemical reactions
p034 Walter Gilbert catchphrase RNA World
p037 Yale biochemist Thomas Steitz The ribosome is a ribozyme
p039 Chapter 3: The Origin of Life: From Chemistry to Biology
p043 formose synthesis, sugar from formaldehyde
p046 British chemist John Sutherland
p048 pH buffer and catalyst makes 2-aminooxazole 2AO synthesis efficient, systems chemistry example
p048 2AO plus glyceraldehyde produces [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribose_aminooxazoline | RAO
p057 Where did SO₂ come from? Volcanic eruptions. Pinatubo released enough SO₂ haze to cool Earth for 2 years.
p067 Appendix: Chemical Structures and Reactions
p073 Chapter 4: The Origin of Life: Amino Acids and Peptides
p083 Chapter 5: The Origin of Life: The Road to the Protocell
p087 dipolar membrane molecules amphiphilic, hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends, self-assembly of bilayer membranes
- p087 early Earth environment origin difficult to explain
p089 fatty acids spontaneously assemble into bilayers in water, model protocells
p091 Alexander Oparin proposed coaverate aggregates of polymers
p119 Chapter 6: Putting it All Together: From Astrophysics and Geology to Chemistry and Biology
p141 Chapter 7: Extraterrestrial Life on Solar System Planets?
p167 Chapter 8: Extraterrestrial Life on Solar System Moons?
p189 Chapter 9: Life Out There: The Astronomical Quest
p219 Chapter 10: Life as We Don't Know It: The Design of Natural and Unnatural Life-Forms
p231 Chapter 11: The Hunt for Intelligence: Preliminary Thoughts
p257 Chapter 12: The Hunt for Intelligence: The Searches
p271 Chapter 13: Epilogue: And Immanent Breakthrough?
- p285 Acknowledgements
- p287 Selected Further Reading
- p301 Lustin-Yaeger et. al. 2018, "Detecting Ocean Glint on Exoplanets Using Multiphase Mapping," Astronomical Journal 156 no. 6 December
- p311 Index