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| .p001 Introduction .p005 '''Ch01 . The Power of the Invisible''' |
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| .p011 '''Ch02 . Circassian Beauties and Pioneering Women''' | |
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| .p013 [[ | ]] .p013 [[ | ]] .p013 [[ | ]] .p013 [[ | ]] .p095 [[ | ]] .p095 [[ | ]] .p096 [[ | ]] .p098 [[ | ]] |
.p013 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Mary_Wortley_Montagu | Lady Mary Wortley Montagu née Pierrepont ]] smallpox at 26, championed variolation .p014 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circassian_beauty | Circassian beauty ]] .p014 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variolation | variolation ]] .p017 Scottish surgeon [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Maitland_(physician) | Charles Maitland ]] innoculated Newgate prisoners in 1722, all survived and were pardoned .p018 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotton_Mather | Cotton Mather ]] learned of variolation from slave [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onesimus_(Bostonian) | Onesimus ]] .p019 Boston doctor Zabdiel Boylston innoculed 242 people during 1721 smallpox outbreak .p019 smallpox mortality 10% to 30% .p019 variolation morality 17 out of 897, 2% .p020 French medical establishment opposed, [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire | Voltaire ]] in favor .p020 Dr. Robert Sutton improved procedure, son Daniel Sutton inoculated 40,000 with 5 deaths .p021 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Dimsdale | Thomas Dimsdale ]] .p021 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_the_Great | Catherine the Great ]] innoculated by [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Dimsdale | Thomas Dimsdale, ]] rewarded with "Baron of the Russian Empire" .p023 '''Ch03 . The Making of Jenner''' .p023 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Jenner | Edward Jenner ]] .p024 Jenner lodged with surgeon [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hunter_(surgeon) | John Hunter ]] .p026 Jenner found foreign seed in birds, evidence for bird migration .p026 Jenner observed newly hatched cuckoos push other chicks and eggs out of nest .p027 observed narrowing and [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcification | calcification ]] in coronary arteries of [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcification | angina patients ]] .p028 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Quebec_(1775) | 1775 siege of Quebec ]] failed when half of the colonial force was infected .p029 '''Ch04 Why Not Try the Experiment?''' .p030 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowpox | Cowpox ]] protective against smallpox, dismissed by most doctors, tested by Jenner .p031 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paravaccinia_virus | pseudocowpox ]] common, pustules different than cowpox .p031 True cowpox-infected milkmaid Sarah Nelmes source of pustule, [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Gloucester | Gloster cow ]] Blossom .p032 Jenner used "virus" meaning poison or contagion .p033 Gardener's son [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Phipps | James Phipps ]] first innoculated 1796 May 14 . mild symptoms for 9 days. Very small reaction to variolation, similar to those already exposed and immune .p034 farmer [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Jesty | Benjamin Jesty ]] did the same experiment in 1774, scorned, vindicated in 1805 .p037 '''Ch05 The Fourth Achievement''' .p038 Jenner publishes [[ https://curiosity.lib.harvard.edu/contagion/catalog/36-990065830920203941 | An Inquiry into the Causes and Effect of the Variolae Vaccinae ... ]] 1798 .p039 James Pearson, hysician at St. George's Hospital .p043 unlike variolation, cowpox vaccination was not infectious to others .p044 Parliament awards Jenner ₤10,000 as sole discoverer of vaccination .p047 '''Ch06 The Foundling Voyages''' .p047 1808 National Vaccine Institute, ₤20,000 awarded to Jenner .p049 Napoleon ordered 100K francs spent to promote vaccination .p049 1815 (year of Waterloo battle), French Academy's poetry competition was "Edward Jenner and Vaccination" .p049 1805 Napoleon releases two imprisoned British scientists at Jenner's request .p050 vaccination spreads to Latin America, then the Phillipines .p053 1800 letter to Thomas Jefferson, Monticello vaccinated by August 1801, Virginia, DC, and Philadelphia by year's end .p053 1806 lauditory letter from President Jefferson to Jenner .p055 '''Ch07 The Teeming Humanity of Nations''' .p057 Vaccination did not reach Tibet until the 1940s .p058 Japanese emperor/Mikado and wife vaccinated in 1875, mandatory nationwide in 1885 .p059 immunity wanes; today boosters at 3 to 10 year intervals .p059 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccination_Act | Vaccination Act 1840 ]] .p065 '''Ch08 A Great and Loud Commotion''' .p0 [[ | ]] .p0 [[ | ]] .p0 [[ | ]] .p071 '''Ch09 Completing the Picture''' .p0 [[ | ]] .p0 [[ | ]] .p077 '''Ch10 Germ Theory and the Birth of Immunology''' .p0 [[ | ]] .p0 [[ | ]] .p0 [[ | ]] .p0 [[ | ]] .p0 [[ | ]] .p0 [[ | ]] .p089 '''Ch11 Victorious Weapons against Illness and Death''' .p0 [[ | ]] .p0 [[ | ]] .p095 bacteriologist [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Calmette | Albert Calmette 1863-1933 ]] and veterinarian [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camille_Gu%C3%A9rin | Camille Guerine 1872-1961 ]] .p095 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subculture_(biology) | passaging ]] (pronounced pas''arg''ing) [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculosis | tuberculosis ]] bacteria 1908 until 1919 .p095 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCG_vaccine | Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine ]] tested in humans 1921, 500K infants safely vaccinated .p095 240 babies vaccinated in Lübeck, all developed acute tuberculosis, 72 died .p096 Lübeck BCG contaminated with virulent bacillus grown in the same incubator .p098 six-needle [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heaf_test | Heaf gun ]] .p101 '''Ch12 First Light on the Mystery of Infantile Paralysis''' |
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| .p109 '''Ch13 Yearning to Breath Free''' | |
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| .p123 '''Ch14 A Great Step Forward''' | |
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| .p139 '''Ch15 Great Themes and Dirty Little Secrets''' | |
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| .p143 '''Ch16 The War on Influenza''' | |
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| .p151 '''Ch17 Forged in the Crucible of War''' | |
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| .p158 [[ | ]] | .p158 [[ | ]] .p139 '''Ch18 Smallpox in a Land of Ancient Wisdom''' |
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| .p167 '''Ch19 The Final Defeat of Smallpox''' | |
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| .p173 '''Ch20 Invisible Weapons of War''' | |
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| .p179 '''Ch21 Benefits, Risks, and Fears''' | |
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| .p191 '''Ch22 Inspiration in the Global Village''' | |
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| .p199 '''Ch23 A Team of Many Colors''' | |
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| .p215 '''Ch24 The Milkmaid and the Cuckoo''' | |
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The End of Plagues
Multco Central . 362.19691 R476e . 2013
Forward by Sir Richard Sykes
- p001 Introduction
p005 Ch01 . The Power of the Invisible
p006 Bubonic plague killed 1/3 of European population between 1348 and 1350
p006 Great Plague of London 1665-1666
p008 Ramses V died of smallpox in "1157 BC" (wp 1144 BC)
p011 Ch02 . Circassian Beauties and Pioneering Women
p012 Variola major mutated from Variola minor between 400 and 1600 years ago
p013 Lady Mary Wortley Montagu née Pierrepont smallpox at 26, championed variolation
p014 Circassian beauty
p014 variolation
p017 Scottish surgeon Charles Maitland innoculated Newgate prisoners in 1722, all survived and were pardoned
p018 Cotton Mather learned of variolation from slave Onesimus
- p019 Boston doctor Zabdiel Boylston innoculed 242 people during 1721 smallpox outbreak
- p019 smallpox mortality 10% to 30%
- p019 variolation morality 17 out of 897, 2%
p020 French medical establishment opposed, Voltaire in favor
- p020 Dr. Robert Sutton improved procedure, son Daniel Sutton inoculated 40,000 with 5 deaths
p021 Thomas Dimsdale
p021 Catherine the Great innoculated by Thomas Dimsdale, rewarded with "Baron of the Russian Empire"
p023 Ch03 . The Making of Jenner
p023 Edward Jenner
p024 Jenner lodged with surgeon John Hunter
- p026 Jenner found foreign seed in birds, evidence for bird migration
- p026 Jenner observed newly hatched cuckoos push other chicks and eggs out of nest
p027 observed narrowing and calcification in coronary arteries of angina patients
p028 1775 siege of Quebec failed when half of the colonial force was infected
p029 Ch04 Why Not Try the Experiment?
p030 Cowpox protective against smallpox, dismissed by most doctors, tested by Jenner
p031 pseudocowpox common, pustules different than cowpox
p031 True cowpox-infected milkmaid Sarah Nelmes source of pustule, Gloster cow Blossom
- p032 Jenner used "virus" meaning poison or contagion
p033 Gardener's son James Phipps first innoculated 1796 May 14
- mild symptoms for 9 days. Very small reaction to variolation, similar to those already exposed and immune
p034 farmer Benjamin Jesty did the same experiment in 1774, scorned, vindicated in 1805
p037 Ch05 The Fourth Achievement
p038 Jenner publishes An Inquiry into the Causes and Effect of the Variolae Vaccinae ... 1798
- p039 James Pearson, hysician at St. George's Hospital
- p043 unlike variolation, cowpox vaccination was not infectious to others
- p044 Parliament awards Jenner ₤10,000 as sole discoverer of vaccination
p047 Ch06 The Foundling Voyages
- p047 1808 National Vaccine Institute, ₤20,000 awarded to Jenner
- p049 Napoleon ordered 100K francs spent to promote vaccination
- p049 1815 (year of Waterloo battle), French Academy's poetry competition was "Edward Jenner and Vaccination"
- p049 1805 Napoleon releases two imprisoned British scientists at Jenner's request
- p050 vaccination spreads to Latin America, then the Phillipines
- p053 1800 letter to Thomas Jefferson, Monticello vaccinated by August 1801, Virginia, DC, and Philadelphia by year's end
- p053 1806 lauditory letter from President Jefferson to Jenner
p055 Ch07 The Teeming Humanity of Nations
- p057 Vaccination did not reach Tibet until the 1940s
- p058 Japanese emperor/Mikado and wife vaccinated in 1875, mandatory nationwide in 1885
- p059 immunity wanes; today boosters at 3 to 10 year intervals
p059 Vaccination Act 1840
p065 Ch08 A Great and Loud Commotion
p071 Ch09 Completing the Picture
p077 Ch10 Germ Theory and the Birth of Immunology
p089 Ch11 Victorious Weapons against Illness and Death
p095 bacteriologist Albert Calmette 1863-1933 and veterinarian Camille Guerine 1872-1961
p095 passaging (pronounced pasarging) tuberculosis bacteria 1908 until 1919
p095 Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine tested in humans 1921, 500K infants safely vaccinated
- p095 240 babies vaccinated in Lübeck, all developed acute tuberculosis, 72 died
- p096 Lübeck BCG contaminated with virulent bacillus grown in the same incubator
p098 six-needle Heaf gun
p101 Ch12 First Light on the Mystery of Infantile Paralysis
p109 Ch13 Yearning to Breath Free
p123 Ch14 A Great Step Forward
p139 Ch15 Great Themes and Dirty Little Secrets
p143 Ch16 The War on Influenza
p151 Ch17 Forged in the Crucible of War
p139 Ch18 Smallpox in a Land of Ancient Wisdom
p167 Ch19 The Final Defeat of Smallpox
p173 Ch20 Invisible Weapons of War
p179 Ch21 Benefits, Risks, and Fears
p191 Ch22 Inspiration in the Global Village
p199 Ch23 A Team of Many Colors
p215 Ch24 The Milkmaid and the Cuckoo