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.p044 500nm [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coccinellidae | ladybug ]] [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect_wing | hindwings ]] under hard [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elytron | elytra ]] wing cases .p045 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitin | chiten ]] 10% steel strength, 10x [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keratin | keratin/hair ]] strength .p055 [[ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/irrefragable | irrefragable ]] irrefutable, indisputable .p055 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolymph | hemolymph ]] insect body fluid comparable to vertebrate blood .p056 mathematical [[ https://www.dictionary.com/browse/olio | olio ]] heterogeneous hodgepodge |
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.p061 [[ https://web.archive.org/web/20100723133025/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/7899216/Secret-of-how-moles-breathe-underground-revealed.html | mole tolerance of high CO₂ ]] [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talpidae | Talpidae ]] "true moles" in Europe, Asia, North America; marsupials in Australia with similar shape and burrowing physics .p067 no propellers on fish, but flagella on microbes, 600 body lengths per second .p068 low [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reynolds_number | Reynolds numbers ]] at small scale, viscosity dominates inertia .p069 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_Growth_and_Form | On Growth and Form ]] 1917, by [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D'Arcy_Wentworth_Thompson | D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson ]] .p070 "first serious attempt to demonstrate the mathematical regularity of life" .p070 some accuse Thompson of [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitalism | vitalism; ]] instead, life is bounded by laws .p072 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeobox | Homeobox ]] [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hox_gene | Hox genes ]] control limb development .p076 [[ | ]] .p077 [[ | ]] .p077 [[ | ]] .p080 [[ | ]] |
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The Equations Of Life
How Physics Shapes Evolution
- Multco Hillsdale . 576.801 C6661e . 2018
- pix Preface
p001 Ch01 Life's Silent Commander
- p02 Compare massive star to ladybug
p019 Ch02 Organizing the Multitudes
p024 active matter physics, Tamás Vicsek
- p026 formula for probability of ant choosing a pheromone trail marked by a prior ant or ants, not usable without examples and numbers
- p027 formulas obscured when many ants swarm towards multiple goals
- p028 self-organizing behavior, not supervised but seeming so
- p034 birds save energy by flying in formation and coordinating wing beats, minimizing downwash effects
- p035 18yo Cockell in the Canadian north, banding birds caught in nets, then released
- different ducks behaved differently, unique individual "personalities"
- p035 Physics trumps individuality
- p036 cellular cytoskeleton proteins self-organize
p037 kinesin (anterograde) and myosin (retrograde) motor molecules crawl along polar tubulin filaments
p039 Ch03 The Physics of the Ladybug
p045 chiten 10% steel strength, 10x keratin/hair strength
p055 irrefragable irrefutable, indisputable
p055 hemolymph insect body fluid comparable to vertebrate blood
p056 mathematical olio heterogeneous hodgepodge
p059 Ch04 All Creatures Great and Small
p061 mole tolerance of high CO₂ Talpidae "true moles" in Europe, Asia, North America; marsupials in Australia with similar shape and burrowing physics
- p067 no propellers on fish, but flagella on microbes, 600 body lengths per second
p068 low Reynolds numbers at small scale, viscosity dominates inertia
p069 On Growth and Form 1917, by D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson
- p070 "first serious attempt to demonstrate the mathematical regularity of life"
p070 some accuse Thompson of vitalism; instead, life is bounded by laws
p083 Ch05 Bundles of Life
p092 np285 Barve 2014: Historical contingency and the gradual evolution of metabolic properties in central carbon and genome-scale metabolisms
p095 np287 Persat 2014: The curved shape of Caulobacter crescentus enhances surface colonization in flow
p105 Ch06 The Edge of Life
p125 Ch07 The Code of Life
p145 Ch08 Of Sandwiches and Sulfur
p167 Ch09 Water, the Liquid of Life
p195 Ch10 The Atoms Of Life
p217 Ch11 Universal Biology
p239 Ch12 The Laws of Life: Evolution and Physics Unified
p259 Acknowledgements
p263 Notes
p325 Index