Diff for "FreedomForge"

• http://wiki.keithl.com/FreedomForge

Freedom's Forge

How American Business Produced Victory in World War II

• Arthur Herman . 2012 . Bvt Lib 940.531 HER .

• p003 PROLOGUE

• p014 Ch01 THE GENTLE GIANT

• p009 Henry Morgenthau George Catlett Marshall

• p020 Model T traversed the line start to finish in 90 minutes, 500 per day

  • When William S. Knudsen arrived at Ford Detroit in 1913

  • 10 hours per day, 6 days per week, so 50 cars per hour, 3000 cars per week
  • 4500 hours of work in 60 hours, ...
  • Soon to 8 hours per day, 5 days per week

• p029 Knudsen showed a muffler with two minute assembly time to purchasing agent Donald O'Keefe, turned down

• p029 Two weeks later, Knudsen is Chevrolet VP
• p031 Knudsen: Speed produces nothing, accuracy is the only straight line to production. From workshop mentality to modern manufacturing. Sales went from 72K to almost 250K in 1922
• p032 Knudsen: "I vanr vun for vun!" (Chevrolet sales up to Ford sales)
• p033 "flexible mass production", constant modification and change
• p034 1927 Chevy forced Ford to replace Model T with Model A, stopping production for almost a year
• p035 Chevy outsold Ford almost every year until 1986

• p037 Ch02 THE MASTER BUILDER

• p052 Hoover Dam The Six Companies

• p058 Ch03 THE WORLD OF TOMORROW

• p066 Ch04 GETTING STARTED

• p085 Ch05 CALL TO ARMS

• p088 instead of P-40 fighter copies, North American Aviation "Dutch" Kindleberger offers better in 120 days, delivers P-51 Mustang in 102 days

• p103 Packard Model B first foot pedal speed control, Model C first steering wheel

• p103 Jesse Vincent Liberty V-12Key-Bak aircraft engine, also 4 wheel brakes, power brakes

  • James Ward 1995 .. The Fall of the Packard Motor Company .. PSU Lib HD9710.U54 P39 1995

• p105 Rolls-Royce Merlin engine Packard V-1650

  • author mentions mechanical unit differences; Both UK and US used inches. 64ths to thousandths? Imperial to US gallons?
• p105 Packard built 55,000 Merlin engines

• p107 Ch06 ARSENAL OF DEMOCRACY

• p108 Republic Steel . Tom Girdler fought unions

• p109 "I've never done it before, but I can do it again" Jesse Jones about Henry Kaiser

• p111 Machine gun production tools, belt driven, 20 to 70 years old
• p112 Knudsen: complete retooling of most American factories in 18 months
• p112 first appropriation 4,247 aircraft, second appropriation 14,385 aircraft, Roosevelt expecting 50,000
• p113 autos hard-cast dies, aircraft flexible soft dies

• p114 Billy Mitchell staffer Jimmy Doolittle

• p114 Car body makers Briggs Manufacturing , Fisher Body , Murray Corporation

• p115 suspended annual automobile model changes when less than 25% of Americans supported war involvement
• p115 General Motors made 10% of everything during WWII
• p116 National Aviation Board decisions made by labor, government, business

• p117 Reuther labor plan failed, car companies and unions made parts, not airplanes

• p118 plenty of tasks and growth for subcontractors, the war would create more than half a million new businesses

• p119 Kaiser and the Six Companies

• p120 Eliot Janeway "a victory small enough to be organized is too small to be decisive"

• p126 Lend-Lease

• p129 novelist F. Scott Fitzgerald heart attack 1940 age 44, "the party is over"

• p130 Ch07 SHIPS, STRIKES, AND THE BIG BOOK

• p130 Kaiser Shipyard Richmond. experts predicted six months to build solid ground, Kaiser's men took three weeks, 300,000 cubic yards of rock and gravel

• p132 "Oregon was settled by Missourians who didn't want to work" from Cooke, "Home Front"

  • Bullshit. Cooke's Home Front describes life at home during the US Civil War. Not many Oregonians fought on either side of the Civil War; indeed, they formed militias in Oregon after US regulars (from the east) returned east to fight.

  • https://depts.washington.edu/moving1/Oregon.shtml shows Oregon birthplace by decade; Missouri was 14% in 1850, 8% in 1860, 11% in 1870, 6% in 1880, 4.3% in 1900, 3.6% in 1910 (Illinois was 4.7%).

    • In 2022, Oregon was 45% Oregon-born, 14.9% California born, 5% Washington born, 3.5% Mexico born ... with Missouri in 19th place, 0.55%
    • Missouri was the start of the Oregon Trail; rail lines did not connect to Oregon to the east before 1883, or through California before 1887. Presumably many eastern US emigrants traveled to Oregon incrementally, spending a few years in Missouri, earning the money necessary for a wagon and supplies for an Oregon Trail wagon train.

• p133 Henry Kaiser demanded much from son Edgar, made them an inseparable team

• p133 "... you pile it on and they do more and more. Pretty soon you have men you can rely on absolutely"
• p133 Portland operation: 7500 components from 600 suppliers, from ... switches ... to engines
• p134 Edgar Kaiser built first Portland shipways in two months

• p134 Clay Bedford and West coast shipbuilder Edwin W. Hannay

• p134 Todd and the Six Companies shipyard in Portland Maine

• p135 William Francis Gibbs Gibbs and Cox in New York, largest naval architecture firm in the US

• p135 Kaiser's men never boarded a ship, much less built one
• p136 Seagoing boxcar, 8000 tonnes cargo, not comfortable
• p136 Richmond yard built 747 Liberty ships over 4 years

• p137 Kaiser's partner Stephen Bechtel

• p139 Labor unions "biggest obstacle to war production"

• p142 Strikes cost months of progress, "Communist-dominated" CIO Congress of Industrial Organizations

• p145 Ch08 COUNTDOWN

• p146 Saginaw Steering Gear supposed to supply 280 machine guns by 1942 March, actually shipped 28728 guns

• p146 year for tooling and setup, 6 months to full production
• p147 Mitsubishi and Kawasaki aircraft factories used American machine tools

• p148 Fred Geyer Cincinnati Milling Machine

• p149 Geyer purchased boring machine for 16 inch naval guns, smuggled out of Third Reich through Switzerland and Italy
• p151 1941 June 9 Roosevelt sent troops to end North American Aviation strike, workers marched with a flag back to work.

• p152 1941 August 28 Roosevelt creates Supplies, Priorities. and Allocations Board SPAB director Donald M. Nelson

• p155 1941 June - Oil embargo on Japan, July assets frozen, a casus belli

• p155 1941 October, 2000 Japanese-Americans evacuated from west coast

• p155 Frank Knox Navy secretary: "The United States is ready" at December 4 dinner

• p156 Ch09 GOING ALL OUT

• p158 Merrill Church "Babe" Meigs "astounded" by 1942 60,000 airplane production forecast, 125K for 1943

  • actual 47K 1942, 85K 1943, 96K 1944

• p159 Meigs taught Senator Truman to fly

• p162 Knudsen blamed for not forcing (how?) Detroit to convert to war production faster

• p163 Knudsen castigated by Eleanor Roosevelt for not protecting (temporarily) unemployed workers
  • by D-Day (June 1944) Detroit area employment would double, worker shortage as Detroit workers moved to Kaiser shipyards
• p164 Knudsen fired by Roosevelt January 16 1942

• p166 Knudsen appointed 3-star general, Director of Production by Under Secretary of War Robert P. Patterson

• p167 US munitions 3X first year, 7X second year, third year limit materials and labor
• p167 Axus powers could not catch up, bureaucratic waste and meddling
• p169 Pearl Harbor battleships wedged in concrete debris
• p169 half-finished fuel pit served as mass grave for hundreds
• p169 Henry Kaiser stockpiled cement since December 1940, in response to 1938 Navy plans

• p173 Japanese seize Wake Island

• p173 Wildcats on Wake sink the Kisaragi on December 11, last Wildcat gone December 22

• p173 Marines stop first landing against 5-to-1 odds, killed most of them retreating into the surf.
  • message to Hawaii "Send us more Japs."
• p174 48 construction workers died, 47 Marines. 208 others would die as POWs
  • When Japanese evacuated in June 1945, they shot 20 remaining slave laborers

• p176 Ch10 SHIPS FOR LIBERTY

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• p192 Ch11 THE PRODUCTION EXPRESS

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• p209 Ch12 STEEL MEN AND CAST-IRON CHARLIE

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• p228 Ch13 AGONY AT WILLOW RUN

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• p245 Ch14 VICTORY IS OUR BUSINESS

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• p267 Ch15 THE MAN FROM FRISCO

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• p284 Ch16 SUPERBOMBER

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• p304 Ch17 THE BATTLE OF KANSAS

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• p318 Ch18 FIRE THIS TIME

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• p334 Conclusion RECKONING

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• p069 Alistair Cooke 2006 The American Home Front

  • Forest Grove Library 940.5373 COO