Diff for "GeographyInnovation"

• http://wiki.keithl.com/GeographyInnovation

The New Geography of Innovation

The Global Contest for Breakthrough Technologies

• Mehran Gul . 2026 . Bvtn Lib 338.084

.p001 Introduction , Capitalism with an Emoji Face

• p009 Fig 1: Top ten #private >$B tech companies - US 1720, China 438, UK 183, Israel 119, India 117 ... 10

• p010 Fig 2: Top ten venture dollars invested - US 190.2, China 38.5 , UK 16.2, India 13.5, ... 3.4
• p012 Fig 4: WIPO Global Innovation Index - Switzerland 66, Sweden 62.6, US 61.7, ... 56.6 China

.p015 Ch1 . The Precocious Student

• p015 David Wallerstein at Naspers then Tencent

• p016 UC Berkeley grad
• p017 Tencent peaked near $1T in 2021, dropped, regained in 2026

• p017 WeChat IM. social media, and mobile payment for smartphones

• p018 everyone in China uses WeChat, essential for smartphones

• p019 Tencent now major multinational investor in gaming companies
• p020 Tencent Pictures produces US franchise movies; Terminator etc

• p021 investments in Moon Express and Planetary Resources (defunct 2018)

• p022 in 2024 more investment flows out of China $163B than in $18.6B

• p022 DoD added International Data Group to list of Chinese military companies

• p023 US and China venture firms face saturated domestic markets

• p024 Aixtron - German CVD manufacturing equipment website, China acquisition blocked

• p024 Neura Robotics, China acquisition blocked wikipedia

• p025 Hussein Kanji V.C. "We can't play there but they can play here"

• p025 Lilium Munich flying car company, insolvent 2024

• p026 US and Europe proclaim decoupling from China while increasing trade by 25%
• p027 Tencent divested of 5% stake in Tesla
• p028 Wallerstein: encourage positives, we aren't clear about desired destination

• p029 MSRA Microsoft Research Asia in Bejing, 2015 paper Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition layering neural networks improves performance

• p030 >250K citations on Google Scholar

• p030 2015 ImageNet competition, MRSA submission surpassed human level performance

• p031 In 2022, China surpassed US in the Nature index

• p033 1300 foreign companies with Chinese advanced research labs

• p033 Ya Qin Zhang matriculated at 12yo to

  • USTC University of Science and Technology, "China's Caltech", in Hefei

  • finished PhD at GWU

  • IEEE Fellow age 31 in 1997

• p034 now teaching at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsinghua_University, dean of AI Research

• p035 Six of ten top universities are in China, ahead of US

• p037 ChatGLM, Chinese variant of ChatGPT

• p037 Zhipu rebranded Z.ai in 2025, follows OpenAI a year later

• p045 Waymo car attacked SF Chinatown 2024

  • book mentions only anti-Waymo incidents, not Waymo related-deaths and traffic felonies due to inadequate design.

• p046 Shenzhen was a fishing village with 30K residents in 1980.

  • 17.5M in 2020, third after Shanghai and Beijing
• p046 40yo, many died escaping to Hong Kong, today net inflow to mainland

• p047 Zak Dychtwald

  • 2018 book Young China

• p047 1980 China GDP 2% of world, 2025, 20%
• p048 online shops, free same day delivery in major cities
• p048 store QR codes reveal entire supply chain from farm to shelf

• p049 95% of citizens satisfied with government, each day better than the last (mistake in book: "next")

• p050 State-owned companies 60% of listed market cap. 10 largest and 75% of Chinese Fortune 500 companies are-state-ownen
  • Crowds out private initiative, creative destruction off-limits
• p050 Chinese IPOs required to be profitable, American Airbnb and Amazon were ont

• p051 China forbids cryptocurrency, for-profit tutoring. Less than 3hrs/wk of video games -> gaming sector meltdown

• p052 Deng Xiaoping "Let some get rich first", inequality moved from Nordic to US levels
• p052 2021, curb "barbaric growth" with "Common Prosperity"

• p053 01.AI model global top three with OpenAI and Google

.p055 Ch2 . Steeples of Excellence

• p056 Michael Moritz The Little Kingdom: The Private Story of Apple Computer 1984

• p056 Valley intellectuals too woke

• p058 Victor W. Hwang biography entrepreneur moved to Kansas ??

• p059 entrepreneurial rainforest now farm-like, culture spread elsewhere

• p059 Keith Rabois "Valley" -> Detroit, but technology future bright, in different place with different people

• p060 New York City #2 global tech hub

• p060 Mt. Gox 2014 failure

• p062 Chainalysis cracked case in 2023, traced to BTC-e in Russia

• p064 John Hennessy Stanford CS->President 2000-2016, Alphabet Chair 2018 - present

• p065 Hennessy says AI next, bay area 5x anybody else

• p066 Nvidia dominates AI

• p067 Nvidia 80% of GPUs

• p067 High end Nvidia H200 Hopper $40K

• p070 Reagan: "But anyone, from any corner of the Earth, can come to live in America and become an American.”

• p071 Patrick Collison (Stripe) "The fact that the talent is here or we can bring the talent here, that's what makes the whole thing work."

• p072 DOJ China Initiative ended 2022 Feb, lingering consequences

• p075 "RISC is now used in 99% of all computer chips" ... Citation Needed

  • MIPS, SPARC, POWER, (early) ARM are RISC, x86 is CISC
• p077 1884, 15yo Leland Stanford Jr. dies of typhoid in Italy

• p078 Father Amasa Leland Stanford tells mother "The children of California shall be our children"

• p079 1885 founds Leland Stanford Junior University, funded with $45M, most of family's personal wealth, plus 8180 acres of Palo Alto farmland, largest landowner in the Santa Clara valley, now worth more than $20B.
• p080 ~1900, Palo Alto grew 1/3 of the world's cherries, pears, apricots, and prunes

• p081 Stanford U. land rich, academic mediocre. Stanford "IQ test" psychologist/eugenicist Lewis Terman father of engineer/professor Frederick Terman

  • "steeples of excellence": world-class eminence in specific narrow fields rather than mediocre competence in all fields

• p082 Palo Alto capital of the radio revolution. Federal Radio Telegraph Company913 Emerson Street

• p083 Vannevar Bush was Terman's advisor at MIT, in 1941 head of the Office of Scientific Research and Development

• p084 Terman started Radio Research Lab at Harvard in 1942, grew to 850 people in 2 years, radar jammers and chaff

• p086 Hewlett- Packard "1938" actually July 2 1939

• p087 1951 square mile Stanford Industrial Park now Stanford Research Park

• p087 Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory 1955

• p087 1957 "Traitorous Eight" founded Fairchild Semiconductor

• p089 AnnaLee Saxenian 1994 Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128 PSU basement HC107.C22 N677 1994 $3+ship used

• p091 1980 top 3 were TI, Motorola, and Philips (not American; Eindhoven Netherlands )

• p092 1986 top 3 were NEC, Toshiba, and Hitachi

• p095 Kleiner PerkinsJohn Doerr convinces Eric Schmidt to leave Intuit to lead Google

• p095 UUNET founded 1987 Virginia

• p096 Journalist Sebastien Mallaby calls venture capital a machine for manufacturing courage

.p097 Ch3 . Busting Monasteries

• p097 DeepMind AlphaGo

  • London's first globally relevant tech company in 50 years, only 8 in UK

• p099 commentariat

• p101 How the U.K. Became One of the Poorest Countries in Western Europe 2022 The Atlantic - paywall

• p107 Skype King Atomico Index

• p112 without London, the rest of the UK would be poorer per capita than any US state (and the rest probably still is)

• p114 Stoke, the "capital of Brexit", "a top place to smash a glass bottle for no reason"

• p115 Radix alternative to blockchain

• p115n Radix Blog 2018 Feb. 8 "Why blockchains don't scale"

  • "Every node processes each and every transaction, keeping a record of the entire blockchain."

  • Wrong! Neither Mehran Gul nor blogger Dan Hughes mentions Merkel Trees, which is how many individual transaction hashes are combined into trees of hierarchical hashes and and one root hash. For a binary tree of N transactions, the hash process to VERIFY ONE individual transaction uses order log2(N) time. Tracing a single transaction out of a million transactions takes only twice as long as one out of a thousand transactions, and one out of a trillion takes only twice as long as a million. Meanwhile, computation continues to get faster, hence as the tree grows from a million to a trillion, the hardware speed will more than double, and the verification time will become smaller.

  • Organizing and distributing all that data is a challenge; the global cost of that may be much larger than the block reward in bitcoins, but that cost is distributed among thousands (millions?) of miners and aggregators
• p115n 2014 New Yorker, 2024 Dec. 15 John Colapinto "Material Question"

• p117 graphene "200 times stronger than steel" ... misleading, an iron monolayer is much weaker, but we use iron in 3D crystals; weaker per bond but stronger per 3D volume, given graphene's two dimensional nature and frictionless connection in the third dimension.

• p117 "A football-field-sized graphene sheet could support the weight of a car"
  • perhaps ... assuming you could magically anchor the frictionless edges of the sheet, even with the much smaller tensile force distributed over 280 meters of edge.
• p117 "graphene is a better conductor than silicon"

  • The carrier mobility and saturation velocities are very high, but this is for a very thin monolayer, with fewer carriers than a 500 micrometer silicon wafer. Fmax is still lower than a 500GHz SiGe HBT

• p118 "In (March) 2023, the UK government unveiled the Science and Technology Framework to turn the country into a scientific superpower by 2030."

  • I write this in 2026. Are they halfway there?

  • Frameworks aren't ASML wafer steppers, much less huge class 1 fabs deploying dozens of them
  • The UK's last fab closed in 2001
  • The appropriate British vern is "wanking"

• here is where I stopped reading; another library patron wants the book. The book isn't great, so I may not request it again

.p137 Ch4 . Hyper Gap

• p1

.p168 Ch5 . Smart Nation

• p1

.p201 Ch6 . Small Wonder

• p2

.p236 Ch7 . The New Mittelstand

• p2

.p267 Ch8 . Importing Genius

• p2

.p300 Conclusion . Social Animals

• p3