|
Size: 3200
Comment:
|
Size: 6802
Comment:
|
| Deletions are marked like this. | Additions are marked like this. |
| Line 4: | Line 4: |
| . [[ Mehran Gul | https://mehrangul.com/ ]] . 2026 . Bvtn Lib 338.084 | . [[ https://mehrangul.com/ | Mehran Gul ]] . 2026 . Bvtn Lib 338.084 |
| Line 13: | Line 13: |
| .p015 .p016 .p017 .p017 .p018 .p019 .p020 .p021 .p021 .p022 .p022 .p023 .p024 .p024 .p025 .p025 .p026 .p027 .p028 .p028 .p029 .p030 .p030 .p031 .p033 .p033 .p034 .p035 .p037 .p037 .p045 .p046 .p046 .p047 .p047 .p048 .p049 .p050 .p050 .p051 .p052 .p052 .p053 |
.p015 [[ https://www.tencent.com/en-us/articles/2201766.html | David Wallerstein ]] at [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naspers | Naspers ]] then [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tencent | Tencent ]] .p016 UC Berkeley grad .p017 Tencent peaked near $1T in 2021, dropped, regained in 2026 .p017 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WeChat | WeChat ]] IM. social media, and mobile payment for smartphones .p018 everyone in China uses !WeChat, essential for smartphones .p019 Tencent now major multinational investor in gaming companies .p020 Tencent Pictures produces US franchise movies; Terminator etc .p021 investments in [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon_Express | Moon Express ]] and [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_Resources | Planetary Resources ]] (defunct 2018) .p022 in 2024 more investment flows out of China $163B than in $18.6B .p022 DoD added [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Data_Corporation| International Data Group ]] to list of Chinese military companies .p023 US and China venture firms face saturated domestic markets .p024 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aixtron | Aixtron ]] - German CVD manufacturing equipment [[ https://aixtron.com/ | website, ]] China acquisition blocked .p024 [[ https://neura-robotics.com/ | Neura Robotics, ]] China acquisition blocked [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neura_Robotics | wikipedia ]] .p025 [[ https://hoxtonventures.com/team-member/hussein-kanji/ | Hussein Kanji ]] V.C. "We can't play there but they can play here" .p025 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilium_Jet | Lilium ]] Munich flying car company, insolvent 2024 .p026 US and Europe proclaim decoupling from China while increasing trade by 25% .p027 Tencent divested of 5% stake in Tesla .p028 Wallerstein: encourage positives, we aren't clear about desired destination .p029 [[ https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/lab/microsoft-research-asia/ | MSRA ]] Microsoft Research Asia in Bejing, 2015 paper [[ https://arxiv.org/pdf/1512.03385 | Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition ]] layering neural networks improves performance .p030 >250K citations on Google Scholar .p030 2015 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ImageNet | ImageNet ]] competition, MRSA submission surpassed human level performance .p031 In 2022, China surpassed US in the [[ https://www.nature.com/nature-index/ | Nature index ]] .p033 1300 foreign companies with Chinese advanced research labs .p033 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya-Qin_Zhang | Ya Qin Zhang ]] matriculated at 12yo to . [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Science_and_Technology_of_China | USTC ]] University of Science and Technology, "China's Caltech", in [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hefei | Hefei ]] . finished PhD at [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_University | GWU ]] . IEEE Fellow age 31 in 1997 .p034 now teaching at [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsinghua_University | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsinghua_University, ]] dean of [[ https://air.tsinghua.edu.cn/en/ | AI Research ]] .p035 Six of ten top universities are in China, ahead of US .p037 [[ https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.12793 | ChatGLM ]], Chinese variant of ChatGPT .p037 [[ | ]] .p045 [[ | ]] .p046 [[ | ]] .p046 [[ | ]] .p047 [[ | ]] .p047 [[ | ]] .p048 [[ | ]] .p049 [[ | ]] .p050 [[ | ]] .p050 [[ | ]] .p051 [[ | ]] .p052 [[ | ]] .p052 [[ | ]] .p053 [[ | ]] |
| Line 61: | Line 62: |
| .p056 .p057 .p058 .p059 .p059 .p060 .p060 .p062 .p064 .p065 .p066 .p067 .p067 .p070 .p071 .p072 .p074 .p075 .p076 .p077 .p078 .p079 .p080 .p081 .p082 .p083 .p084 .p086 .p087 .p089 .p091 .p092 .p095 .p095 .p096 |
.p056 [[ | ]] .p057 [[ | ]] .p058 [[ | ]] .p059 [[ | ]] .p059 [[ | ]] .p060 [[ | ]] .p060 [[ | ]] .p062 [[ | ]] .p064 [[ | ]] .p065 [[ | ]] .p066 [[ | ]] .p067 [[ | ]] .p067 [[ | ]] .p070 [[ | ]] .p071 [[ | ]] .p072 [[ | ]] .p074 [[ | ]] .p075 [[ | ]] .p076 [[ | ]] .p077 [[ | ]] .p078 [[ | ]] .p079 [[ | ]] .p080 [[ | ]] .p081 [[ | ]] .p082 [[ | ]] .p083 [[ | ]] .p084 [[ | ]] .p086 [[ | ]] .p087 [[ | ]] .p089 [[ | ]] .p091 [[ | ]] .p092 [[ | ]] .p095 [[ | ]] .p095 [[ | ]] .p096 [[ | ]] |
| Line 100: | Line 101: |
| .p097 .p099 .p101 .p107 .p112 .p114 .p115 .p115 .p115n [[ https://www.radixdlt.com/blog/blockchains-are-broken-here-is-why | Radix Blog 2018 Feb. 8 "Why blockchains don't scale" |
.p097 [[ | ]] .p099 [[ | ]] .p101 [[ | ]] .p107 [[ | ]] .p112 [[ | ]] .p114 [[ | ]] .p115 [[ | ]] .p115 [[ | ]] .p115n [[ https://www.radixdlt.com/blog/blockchains-are-broken-here-is-why | Radix Blog 2018 Feb. 8 "Why blockchains don't scale" ]] |
| Line 110: | Line 111: |
| . '''wrong!''' Neither Mehran Gul nor blogger Dan Hughes mentions [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree | Merkel Trees ]], which is how many individual transaction hashes are combined into trees of hierarchical hashes and and one top hash. For a binary tree of N transactios, the hash process to VERIFY '''ONE''' individual transaction uses order log2(N) time. Tracing a single transaction out of a million transactions takes only twice as long as one out of a thousand transactions, and one out of a trillion takes only twice as long as a million. Meanwhile, computation continues to get faster, hence as the tree grows from a million to a trillion, the hardware speed will more than double, and the verification time will become smaller. . organizing and distributing all that data is a challenge; the global cost of that may be much larger than the block reward in bitcoins, but that cost is distributed among thousands (millions?) of miners and aggregators |
. '''Wrong!''' Neither Mehran Gul nor blogger Dan Hughes mentions [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle_tree | Merkel Trees ]], which is how many individual transaction hashes are combined into trees of hierarchical hashes and and one root hash. For a binary tree of N transactions, the hash process to VERIFY '''ONE''' individual transaction uses order log2(N) time. Tracing a single transaction out of a million transactions takes only twice as long as one out of a thousand transactions, and one out of a trillion takes only twice as long as a million. Meanwhile, computation continues to get faster, hence as the tree grows from a million to a trillion, the hardware speed will more than double, and the verification time will become smaller. . Organizing and distributing all that data is a challenge; the global cost of that may be much larger than the block reward in bitcoins, but that cost is distributed among thousands (millions?) of miners and aggregators |
| Line 113: | Line 114: |
| .p117 .p117 .p117 .p118 |
.p117 [[ | ]] .p117 [[ | ]] .p117 [[ | ]] .p118 [[ | ]] |
| Line 145: | Line 146: |
The New Geography of Innovation
The Global Contest for Breakthrough Technologies
Mehran Gul . 2026 . Bvtn Lib 338.084
.p001 Introduction , Cpitalism with an Emoji Face
p009 Fig 1: Top ten #private >$B tech companies - US 1720, China 438, UK 183, Israel 119, India 117 ... 10
- p010 Fig 2: Top ten venture dollars invested - US 190.2, China 38.5 , UK 16.2, India 13.5, ... 3.4
- p012 Fig 4: WIPO Global Innovation Index - Switzerland 66, Sweden 62.6, US 61.7, ... 56.6 China
.p015 Ch1 . The Precocious Student
p015 David Wallerstein at Naspers then Tencent
- p016 UC Berkeley grad
- p017 Tencent peaked near $1T in 2021, dropped, regained in 2026
p017 WeChat IM. social media, and mobile payment for smartphones
p018 everyone in China uses WeChat, essential for smartphones
- p019 Tencent now major multinational investor in gaming companies
- p020 Tencent Pictures produces US franchise movies; Terminator etc
p021 investments in Moon Express and Planetary Resources (defunct 2018)
- p022 in 2024 more investment flows out of China $163B than in $18.6B
p022 DoD added International Data Group to list of Chinese military companies
- p023 US and China venture firms face saturated domestic markets
p024 Aixtron - German CVD manufacturing equipment website, China acquisition blocked
p024 Neura Robotics, China acquisition blocked wikipedia
p025 Hussein Kanji V.C. "We can't play there but they can play here"
p025 Lilium Munich flying car company, insolvent 2024
- p026 US and Europe proclaim decoupling from China while increasing trade by 25%
- p027 Tencent divested of 5% stake in Tesla
- p028 Wallerstein: encourage positives, we aren't clear about desired destination
p029 MSRA Microsoft Research Asia in Bejing, 2015 paper Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition layering neural networks improves performance
p030 >250K citations on Google Scholar
p030 2015 ImageNet competition, MRSA submission surpassed human level performance
p031 In 2022, China surpassed US in the Nature index
- p033 1300 foreign companies with Chinese advanced research labs
p033 Ya Qin Zhang matriculated at 12yo to
p034 now teaching at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsinghua_University, dean of AI Research
- p035 Six of ten top universities are in China, ahead of US
p037 ChatGLM, Chinese variant of ChatGPT
.p055 Ch2 . Steeples of Excellence
.p097 Ch3 . Busting Monasteries
p115n Radix Blog 2018 Feb. 8 "Why blockchains don't scale"
- "Every node processes each and every transaction, keeping a record of the entire blockchain."
Wrong! Neither Mehran Gul nor blogger Dan Hughes mentions Merkel Trees, which is how many individual transaction hashes are combined into trees of hierarchical hashes and and one root hash. For a binary tree of N transactions, the hash process to VERIFY ONE individual transaction uses order log2(N) time. Tracing a single transaction out of a million transactions takes only twice as long as one out of a thousand transactions, and one out of a trillion takes only twice as long as a million. Meanwhile, computation continues to get faster, hence as the tree grows from a million to a trillion, the hardware speed will more than double, and the verification time will become smaller.
- Organizing and distributing all that data is a challenge; the global cost of that may be much larger than the block reward in bitcoins, but that cost is distributed among thousands (millions?) of miners and aggregators
- p116n 2014 New Yorker, 2024 Dec. 15 John Colapinto "Material Question"
- here is where I stopped reading; another library patron wants the book. The book isn't great, so I may not request it again
.p137 Ch4 . Hyper Gap
- p1
.p168 Ch5 . Smart Nation
- p1
.p201 Ch6 . Small Wonder
- p2
.p236 Ch7 . The New Mittelstand
- p2
.p267 Ch8 . Importing Genius
- p2
.p300 Conclusion . Social Animals
- p3