Diff for "Humankind"

http://wiki.keithl.com/Humankind

Humankind

A Hopeful History

Rutger Bergman . 2019 . BeavLib 128 BRE

• video

• pxiii London shop wrecked during the Blitz: MORE OPEN THAN USUAL
• pxvii civilian bombings strengthened German economy, production of tanks up 9x, fighter jets 14x
• p004 2025 post Katrina New Orleans; journalists, police, governor claim anarchy
• p005 "gunfire" a relief valve on a gas tank, superdome 4 natural cause deaths, one suicide, one overdose, no officially reported rape or murder, "looting" was police-organized survival scavenging
• p005 "Robin Hood Looters" rescue squad

• p006 National Guard Danziger Bridge shootings

• p006 Rebecca Solnit 2009 A Paradise Built in Hell Tigard 303.485 SOL

• p007 Dictators and despots, governors and generals assume average Joe is just like them

• p012 negative TV catastrophizes personal worries

• p013 Gerbner "mean world syndrome" PSU Samantha Kemp

• p014 Jacobs: Back To Reality news opposite of reality

• p014 one hour per day getting news fix

• p016 Frans de Waal/ The Bonobo and the Atheist / Cedar Mill 599.815 WAAL

• p016 In Search of Homo Economicus

• p017 "We become what we teach" Robert H. Frank 2011 "The Darwin Economy" PSU Basement HB95.F723 2011
• p017 St. Augustine "Mo one is free from sin, not even an infant whose span of earthly life is but a single day."
• p018 Gandhi, Mandela

• p019 Prof. Marie R. Lindegaard papers

• p019 "For every misanthropic argument you deflate, two more will pop up in its place. Veneer theory is a zombie that just keeps on coming back"

• p023 William Golding 1954 Lord of the Flies

• p024 Golding alcoholic, prone to depression, encouraged his students to attack each other
• p025 Frans de Waal: There is no shred of evidence that this is what children left to their own devices will do"

• p026 1966 October 6 Australian The Age, "Sunday Showing for Tongan Castaways": Six boys marooned on Tongan atoll 'Ata for more than a year.

• p027 Peter Warner Mano Totau

• p029 Boys at Saint Andrews Anglican boarding school in Nukuʻalofa

• p036 This is real life, unlike so-called reality shows

• p075 Raymond Dart 1924 skull of Australopithecus africanus numerous injuries, killer ape theory

• p081 Samuel Marshall 1946 Men Against Fire disagreement

• p082 1% of USAF fighter pilots brought down 40% Bvtn 355.0019 GRO 2009

• p083 After Gettysburg, 90% of 27574 muskets recovered from battlefield still loaded, 12,000 double loaded, 6,000 triple-loaded, one had 23 balls in the barrel .. time-consuming gun-loading an excuse for not firing it, most soldiers not trying to kill the enemy

• p084 Randall Collins Violence PSU Basement HM1121.C64 2008

  • I would like to believe this, but sadly I'm not convinced by Bregman, and others find flaws with Collins

• p086 Australopithecus africanus skull damage actually predatory birds

• p087 Napoleon Chagnon The Fierce People Yanomami

• p087 Chagnon gave them axes and machetes in exchange for their help, hence encouraged violence says

  • Robert M. Sapolsky ] [[ https://wccls.bibliocommons.com/v2/record/S143C3392037

  • killers have 3x more children? killers 35yo, "peaceniks" 25yo, Chagnon did not correct for ages
  • Chagnon only counted killers who survived revenge. in 1995 Chagnon was barred from returning

• p088 Steven Pinker The Better Angels of Our Nature claimed 14% homicide rates in 8 primitive societies

• p089 Anthropologist Douglas P. Fry: NOT "War mortality", actually shot by Paraguayan slave traders and frontiersmen

• p091 R. Brian Ferguson Pinker's List. Exaggerating Prehistoric War Mentality

• p095 Christopher Boehm 1999 Hierarchy in the Forest. The Evolution of Egalitarian Behavior PSU Basement GN281.4.B64

  • Nomadic foragers are universally -- and all but obsessively -- concerned with being free of the authority of others

• p102 settlements -> oppression, kings

• p115 Jacob Roggeveen Easter Island 1722 moai 10 meter statues

• p117 Erich von Däniken 1935 Swiss hotel manager

• p117 Easter Islanders / Rapa Nui Polynesians arrived from the Gambier Islands, 2600 km to the east notheast.

• p117 Anthroplogist Katherine Routledge 1914

• p119 William Mulloy Contemplate the Navel of the World Cannibalism, "The flesh of your mother sticks between my teeth"

• p124 BUT ... there is NO archaeological evidence of cannibalism or large-scale warfare in 469 recently examined skulls
• p127 Likely cause of deforestation - introduced Polynesian rats ate the tree seeds

  • Ancient DNA of the Pacific rat (Rattus exulans) from Rapa Nui (Easter Island)

• p127 Mara Mulrooney 2013 An island-wide assessment of the chronology of settlement and land use on Rapa Nui (Easter Island) based on radiocarbon data

• p130 myths of conflict and disaster confabulated by Thor Heyerdahl, no prior publications or sources, nothing written by captain Cook

• p132 1407 islanders taken by Peruvian slave ships in 1862
• p133 Survivors sent back with smallpox. In 1877, 110 inhabitants remained

• p137 How do you explain Auschwitz?

• p138 wild west of social psychology, shocking experiments led to fame

• p147 Robber's Cave Experiment If anything was proved, it was once kids become friends it's very hard to turn them against each other.

• p140 1971 August Philip Zimbardo Stanford prison experiment

• p148 Zimbardo briefed the "guards" on their role, unmistakable instructions

• p149 demand characteristics tutn "scientific experiment" into a staged production

• p149 French sociologist Thibault Le Texier Debunking the Stanford Prison Experiment

• p150 Experiment dreamed up by undergraduate David Jaffe
• p151 "based on my previous experience as master sadist" (??)
  • the authors cite is to archives at Stanford, seemingly unavailable online
• p152 "soft" guard John Markus (?) instructed by Jaffe to be tough

• p153 The Lifespan of a Lie "prisoner" Douglas Korpi faked breakdown

• p154 2001 BBC re-creationThe Experiment

• p155 didn't tell the guards what to do
• p156 prisoners and guards commiserate, by day 7 vote together to create a commune

  • Reicher and Haslam 2006Rethinking the psychology of tyranny: The BBC prison study

• p166 Stanley Milgram 1962 shock experiment

  • did not inform 600 participants that the shocks were faked
  • there were too many people who bowed to authority

• p168 when Milgram instructs participants "You have no other choice, you must go on", everybody stops ... instant disobedience

  • we have a downright aversion to bossy behavior ... participants racked woith doubt
• p170 Evil has to be disguised as doing good

• p173 Hannah Arendt spoke in enigmatic aphorisms, easily misunderstood

  • "Eichmann did not think ... from someone else's perspective

Roger Berkowitz

• Eichmann was a joiner, not a monster or robot

• p174 the shock experiments were about conformity

• p175 German diplomat Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz warned Danish Jews, 99% survived the war

  • Bo Lidegaard "Countrymen: The Untold Story of How Denmark's Jews Escaped the Nazis ..." Central 940.53 L714c 2013
• p177 resistance newspaper Dansk Maandpost: "We Danes don't barter with our Constitution, and least of all in the matter of citizen's equality

• p180-194 28yo Catherine Susan "Kitty" Genovese

  • 1964 March 13 3:19 am first attack, "Oh my God he stabbed me! Help me!"
  • 350am first call to police, who arrive in two minutes ... too late
  • p182 media storm

• p184 bystander effect, individuals less likely to offer help to a victim in the presence of other people

• p185 individuals alone help, without exception. With 5 other students nearby, only 62% took action

• Kitty Genovese died because the whole neighborhood heard her scream, not in spite of it.

• p186 Amsterdam 2016: car accidentally rolls into icy water, Ruben Abrahams runs for hammer then jumps in, along with 3 other bystanders
• If bystanders communicate, they coordinate and help more. Inverse/reverse bystander effect

• p188 Prof. Marie Lindegaard

  • wrongly referenced, undated paper, working title "Almost Everything You Think You Know About the Bystander Effect is Wrong"

  • actually 2020 Would I be helped? Cross-national CCTV footage shows that intervention is the norm in public conflicts. also

  • also this: Cross-national CCTV footage shows low victimization risk for bystander interveners in public conflicts

• p189 Joseph De May investigates Kitty Genovese murder

  • stories are not evidence

• p189 it is cold outside, most residents have their windows shut, the streets are poorly lit, most assume staggering woman is drunk

• p190 "38 eyewitnesses" ... vast majority were not eyewitnesses

• p190 two actual witnesses Joseph Fink saw murder, shrugged, took a nap.

• p191 Karl Ross was drunk, and afraid of police because he was gay, which was illegal.

• p191 NYT metropolitan editor Abe Rosenthal was notorious homophobe, and misreported facts about witnesses

• p191 neighbor Sophia Farrar raced to help

• p192 Journalists actively tormented neighbors, including Farrar
• p192 Radio reporter Danny Meenan asked NYT reporter about absent exculpatory facts, told "It would have ruined the story"
• p193 5 days later, Raoul Cleary and Jack Brown call police about burglar, who confesses to the murder. No newspaper reported it.

• p203 sociologist Morris Janowitz why did losing Germans continue to fight?

• p204 answer, Kameradschaft, friendship to their mates. p206 Camaraderie wins wars
• p207 terrorists ditto, no mental illness
• p208 four pairs of brothers involved with 2001 Twin Tower attacks

• p209 2013 Boston Marathon bombers were brothers

• p209 six month infants prefer good to bad 2007 Hamlin

• p210 Not like me = bad: infants prefer those who harm dissimilar others 2013 Hamlin

• p211 Born xenophobes, innate aversion to the unfamiliar
  • I suppose that helps them preferentially bond to mommy

• p211 Warneken/Tomasello 2014 Extrinsic Rewards Undermine Altruistic Tendencies in 20-Month-Olds

• p213 Similar toddlers dressed in red and blue shirts developed same-color group identities

• p214 Paul Bloom 2016 Against Empathy 152.41 BLO

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