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.p042 . [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satisfiability | satisfiability (SAT) ]] solvers .p043 . [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satisfiability_modulo_theories | Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) ]] .p047 . Interactive Theorem Provers (ITPs): [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocq | Coq 1989 ]] [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agda_(programming_language) | Agda 1999 ]] [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabelle_(proof_assistant) | Isabelle 1986 ]] [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HOL_Light | HOL Light 1991 ]] .p052 . [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Avigad | Jeremy Avigad ]] at [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University | Carnegie Mellon University ]] .p055 . Grant Passmore at [[ https://www.imandra.ai/about | Imandra AI ]] .p059 . [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldbach%27s_conjecture | Goldbach's conjecture ]] all even numbers greater than two can be written as the sum of two primes .p060 . [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_excluded_middle | law of the excluded middle ]] .p063 . [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lean_(proof_assistant) | Lean ]] helper programs called tactics .p065 . 2015 Lean 2 .p076 . [[ https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=yaSqFaEAAAAJ&hl=en | Daniel Selsam ]] [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_L._Dill | David Dill ]] |
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The Proof in the Code
How a Truth Machine Is Transforming Math and AI
Kevin Harnett . 2026 . 510.2856 HAR . Beaverton Library (book not stamped)
p003 . Leo de Moura started Lean project in 2013
p004 . Kevin Buzzard Patrick Massot Johan Commelin Mario Carneiro
p009 . Tom Hales b1958 1999 Princeton Institute for Advanced Study
p009 . Langlands Program
p010 . John Conway 1982 lecture at Cambridge University
p010 . Kepler Conjecture 1611 sphere packing density around 74% for both square and hexagonal base
p011 . Hales proves conjecture 1993-4, 300 pages in Annals of Mathematics "3GB worth of computer calculations"??
p012 . in 1900 David Hilbert 23 most important open problems in mathematics includes Kepler Conjecture
p014 . László Fejes Tóth Regular Figures
- p015 . Hales 1760 cases of ball arrangement, cluster of Sun workstations
- p016 . early 1998 eliminated all but fifty arrangements, 30 in spring, 19 in June, down to one by July 4
p019 . Mathematics, Form and Function by Saunders Mac Lane (indexed "Mac Lane")
- p019 . Four years later, peer reviews barely started
p020 . ITP Interactive Theorem Prover aka Proof Assistant
- p021 . Writing formal language ITP proof takes orders of magnitude longer than by hand
p023 . Mechanically checkable form Flyspeck Project
p023 . Dense Sphere Packings: A Blueprint for Formal Proofs 286 page book
p025 . Microsoft Research Leo de Moura born 1971 Rio de Janeiro
p027 . March 1989 Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro
- p027 . internship at Semantic Designs (est 1993? 2026 dead link) in Austin Texas
- p028 . Math objective, but problem importance is subjective
p028 . SRI 1946 now SRI International
- p029 . LATEX, Siri
- p029 . 2001 Symbolic Analysis Laboratory . SAL
- p030 trace expressed as formula for all conditions that result in bad state???
p030 . Yices SMT solver
p030 . Automated theorem proving ATP
p031 . Microsoft Research Thomas Ball
- p032 . de Moura joins Microsoft in August 2006
p033 . SMT-COMP
- p035 . 2013, de Moura proposes new interactive theorem prover
p037 . calculus ratiocinator
- p038 . Leibniz - Art of Discovery
p040 . Ernst Zermelo Abraham Fraenkel formal system to express all mathematics as sets
p041 . ZFC: Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice
p041 . Russell and Whitehead Principia Mathematica 1910-13 type theory better
p042 . satisfiability (SAT) solvers
p047 . Interactive Theorem Provers (ITPs): Coq 1989 Agda 1999 Isabelle 1986 HOL Light 1991
p052 . Jeremy Avigad at Carnegie Mellon University
p055 . Grant Passmore at Imandra AI
p059 . Goldbach's conjecture all even numbers greater than two can be written as the sum of two primes
p060 . law of the excluded middle
p063 . Lean helper programs called tactics
- p065 . 2015 Lean 2
p076 . Daniel Selsam David Dill
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