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| .p67 [[https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2308 | Addicted to answers: Need for cognitive closure and the endorsement of conspiracy beliefs ]] 2017 May 24 Marta Marchlewska, Aleksandra Cichocka, Małgorzata Kossowska [[ https://kar.kent.ac.uk/61588/1/Marchlewska%20et%20al.%20Addicted%20to%20Answers%20FINAL.pdf | pdf ]] | .p67 [[https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2308 | Addicted to answers: Need for cognitive closure and the endorsement of conspiracy beliefs ]] 2017 [[ https://kar.kent.ac.uk/61588/1/Marchlewska%20et%20al.%20Addicted%20to%20Answers%20FINAL.pdf | pdf ]] |
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| .delusional thinking, magical thinking, [[ | schizotypy]], and hallucination proneness predict conspiracy beliefs | .delusional thinking, magical thinking, [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizotypy |schizotypy]], and hallucination proneness predict conspiracy beliefs .p71 Paranormal ideation supernatural ideation .p71 [[ https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/38621/overview | Neil Dagnall ]] [[ attachment:fpsyg-06-00206.pdf | Conspiracy Theory and Cognitive Style: a Worldview ]] Journal of Parapsychology .p71 [[ attachment:s00127-017-1354-4.pdf | The concomitants of conspiracy concerns ]] Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2017 .p72 n27 [[ https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sean-Richey | Sean Richey ]] 2017 [[ attachment:PoliticsPolicy.2017.pdf | A Birther and a Truther: The Influence of the Authoritarian Personality on Conspiracy Beliefs ]] ---- .p79 The Politics of Conspiracy Theories ---- .p80 n3 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medea_Benjamin | Medea Benjamin ]] 2017 [[ https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/jan/09/america-dropped-26171-bombs-2016-obama-legacy | America Dropped 26,171 Bombs in 2016 ]] .p81 n5 [[ https://intelligentrelations.com/journalist/joel-rosenblatt/ | Joel Rosenblatt ]] 2018 [[ https://www.thelawyermag.com/nz/news/general/objectionable-statement-from-lawyer-may-have-cost-289-million/209968#:~:text=In%20trying%20to%20secure%20the%20highest%20possible,warned%20him%20about%20the%20comment%2C%20but%20he | Champagne Remark May Cost Lawyer $289 Million Bayer Award ]] (title of Bloomberg paywall article) .p83 '''White replacement theory:''' corporations and governments conspire to replace whites with inexpensive foreign workers . Widely believed in Europe, 50% in France .p86 Masonic square and compass image, the "G" in the center stands for Geometry (precision) and also God or "Grand Architect of the Universe". Freemasonry is non-denominational, but a belief in a supreme being is a requirement to join. .p87 media messages have strong effects, [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypodermic_needle_model | hypodermic needle theory]] .p89 Facebook "polarized users" of "conspiracy pages" comment and "like more often .n38 [[ https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0118093 | Bessi et.al. 2015 ]] .p92 n55 Many political left don't accept that they also believe conspiracy theories, then argue the definition of conspiracy theory . PR Bost in ''Conspiracy theories and the people who believe them'' 2019 (edited by Joseph E. Uscinski) .p94 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rich_Lowry | Rich Lowry ]] 2015 [[ https://www.nationalreview.com/2015/10/bernie-sanders-rigged-economy-billionaire-class-theory/ | Bernie’s Conspiracy Theory ]] .p94 no legitimate economics or politics textbooks treat the "one percent theory" (Sanders, the left) as fact .p94 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Dahl | Robert A. Dahl ]] 2013 [[ https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/abs/critique-of-the-ruling-elite-model/379C7D0C5AD5D437F1A9178992B778F0 | A Critique of the Ruling Elite Model ]] .p96 n68 [[ | Sarah Ann Gordon ]] 1984 [[ https://search.worldcat.org/title/9946459 | Hitler, Germans, and the Jewish Question ]] PSU basement DS146.G4 G57 1984 . 1984 History at Pace University in New York City . 1979 Student at SUNY Buffalo .p96 n72a [[ https://www.nytimes.com/by/jim-tankersley | Jim Tankersley ]] 2015 [[ https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/05/26/sorry-bernie-sanders-deodorant-isnt-starving-americas-children/ | Sorry, Bernie Sanders. Deodorant Isn't Starving America's Children ]] .p96 n72b [[ https://time.com/author/sam-frizell/ | Sam Frizell ]] 2016 [[ https://time.com/4249034/bernie-sanders-alternative-medicine-cancer/| Bernie Sanders' Long History With Alternative Medicine ]] .p97 n75a [[ https://www.stetson.edu/other/faculty/steven-smallpage.php | Smallpage, Enders, and Uscinski ]] 2019 [[ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321742263_The_partisan_contours_of_conspiracy_theory_beliefs#fullTextFileContent | The Partisan Contours of Conspiracy Theory Beliefs ]] .p97 n75b [[ https://people.miami.edu/profile/57401e2a0e2470d907c109152c70d4a5 | Casey Klofstad et. al. ]] 2019 [[ https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-019-0243-8| What Drives People to Believe in Zika Conspiracy Theories ]] .p98 quadrant map, dem-rep horizontal, high to low conspiracy thinking vertical .p99 hence most partisan conspiracy theories top out at 25% .p99 non partisan conspiracy theories higher, bundle of all Kennedy assassination theories 60% to 80% .p101 Trump 2016, 50% Dems believed Russian vote tampering .n89 [[ | Jack Edelson et. al. ]] [[ https://www.academia.edu/download/54649970/Voter_Fraud.pdf | The Effect of Conspiratorial Thinking and Motivated Reasoning on Belief in Election Fraud ]] ---- .p109 President Trump, the Internet, Conspiracy, and Conspiracy Theory ---- .p125 Conclusion |
UscinskiConspiracy
Conspiracy Theories : a primer
Joseph E. Uschinski 2020 Tigard 001.9 USC
- p01 Ch 1 Why Study Conspiracy Theories?
p02 ref 6 Stanley Kubrick allegedly helped fake Moon landing, Refuted by daughter Vivian
- pxx ref 32
- p21 Ch 2 What Is a Conspiracy Theory?
- p47 Ch 3 The Popularity of Conspiracy and Anomalous Beliers
p48 Likert scale .p58
- p59 Ch 3 ref 81 Paranormal America 2017 survey "25% of Americans believed that people can move objects with their minds"
p59 Linda Lyons, "Paranormal Beliefs Come (Super) Naturally to Some"
- p59 !QAnon and flat Earth are newsworthy but unpopular
- p65 The Psychology and Sociology of Conspiracy Theories
p67 conjunction fallacy -> conspiracy theories and paranormal phenomena
Do I Think BLS Data are BS? The Consequences of Conspiracy Theories Political Behavior Vol. 37 pp. 679–701 (2015), Katherine Levine Einstein & David M. Glick
p67 Some strongly need cognitive closure, intolerant of uncertainty
p67 Addicted to answers: Need for cognitive closure and the endorsement of conspiracy beliefs 2017 pdf
p67 overactive cheater detectors, heavy debt + large insurance policy + house fire = suggests arson
- p67 death of Supreme Court conservative Antonin Scalia 2016. Obama conspiracy? or overweight 79yo smoker with diabetes and heart problems?
p69 Cass Sunstein: conspiracy theories stem from crippled epistemologies
p69 Walter Lippmann: People look to the news the way a drunk looks to a lamppost -- not for illumination, bur rather for reinforcement. "oft quoted" no cite, cannot find
- p69 Political arguments end in stalemate; unreasoned opinions cannot be altered with reason and evidence
- p69 motivated reasoning dismisses challenging information
- p69 People with less capacity for analytical thinking tend to believe conspiracy theories
- p70 four styles of personality traits: secure, anxious, avoidant, and fearful
- anxious, avoidant, need for uniqueness, narcissism predict belief in conspiracy theories
delusional thinking, magical thinking, schizotypy, and hallucination proneness predict conspiracy beliefs
- p71 Paranormal ideation supernatural ideation
p71 Neil Dagnall Conspiracy Theory and Cognitive Style: a Worldview Journal of Parapsychology
p71 The concomitants of conspiracy concerns Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2017
p72 n27 Sean Richey 2017 A Birther and a Truther: The Influence of the Authoritarian Personality on Conspiracy Beliefs
- p79 The Politics of Conspiracy Theories
p80 n3 Medea Benjamin 2017 America Dropped 26,171 Bombs in 2016
p81 n5 Joel Rosenblatt 2018 Champagne Remark May Cost Lawyer $289 Million Bayer Award (title of Bloomberg paywall article)
p83 White replacement theory: corporations and governments conspire to replace whites with inexpensive foreign workers
- Widely believed in Europe, 50% in France
- p86 Masonic square and compass image, the "G" in the center stands for Geometry (precision) and also God or "Grand Architect of the Universe". Freemasonry is non-denominational, but a belief in a supreme being is a requirement to join.
p87 media messages have strong effects, hypodermic needle theory
- p89 Facebook "polarized users" of "conspiracy pages" comment and "like more often
- p92 n55 Many political left don't accept that they also believe conspiracy theories, then argue the definition of conspiracy theory
PR Bost in Conspiracy theories and the people who believe them 2019 (edited by Joseph E. Uscinski)
p94 Rich Lowry 2015 Bernie’s Conspiracy Theory
- p94 no legitimate economics or politics textbooks treat the "one percent theory" (Sanders, the left) as fact
p94 Robert A. Dahl 2013 A Critique of the Ruling Elite Model
p96 n68 Sarah Ann Gordon 1984 Hitler, Germans, and the Jewish Question PSU basement DS146.G4 G57 1984
- 1984 History at Pace University in New York City
- 1979 Student at SUNY Buffalo
p96 n72a Jim Tankersley 2015 Sorry, Bernie Sanders. Deodorant Isn't Starving America's Children
p96 n72b Sam Frizell 2016 Bernie Sanders' Long History With Alternative Medicine
p97 n75a Smallpage, Enders, and Uscinski 2019 The Partisan Contours of Conspiracy Theory Beliefs
p97 n75b Casey Klofstad et. al. 2019 What Drives People to Believe in Zika Conspiracy Theories
- p98 quadrant map, dem-rep horizontal, high to low conspiracy thinking vertical
- p99 hence most partisan conspiracy theories top out at 25%
- p99 non partisan conspiracy theories higher, bundle of all Kennedy assassination theories 60% to 80%
- p101 Trump 2016, 50% Dems believed Russian vote tampering
- p109 President Trump, the Internet, Conspiracy, and Conspiracy Theory
- p125 Conclusion