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 .p018 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthetically_active_radiation | PAR ]] Photosynthetically active radiation
 .p018 Clear winter's day light intensity 20% of summer, 10% with clouds
 .p019 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thylakoid | thylakoids ]] membrane-bound compartments inside [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroplast | chloroplasts ]] and [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanobacteria | cyanobacteria ]]
 .p019 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroma_(tissue) | stroma ]]
 .p019 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrenoid | pyrenoids ]]
 .p019 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phycobilin | phycobilin ]]
 .p019 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotene | carotenes ]] absorb UV, violet, and blue light
 .p019 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthophyll | xanthrophyll ]] yellow pigments
 .p019 Sun vertical, 2% light reflection, near horizon 90% reflection
 .p021 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humic_substance | humic acids ]]
 .p021 [[ https://miwer.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Lund-Ryder-1997.pdf | gilvin ]] colored humic substances
 .p023 depth d at which lowered white disk disappears
 .p023 surface inhibition, light too intense for phytoplankton
 .p024 continuous sunlight and prolonged calm injures Arctic phytoplankton and inhibits photosynthesis
 .p026 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epilimnion | epilimnion ]] surface layer [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypolimnion | hypolimnion ]] depths [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermocline | metalimnion ]] between
 .p026 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seiche | sieche ]] standing wave in body of water
 .p029 photosynthetic activity will increase pH in favor of [[ https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/SeaWiFS/TEACHERS/CHEMISTRY/ | bicarbonate ]] users
 .p032 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthosilicic_acid | orthosilicic acid ]] makes silica cell walls, 26% to 63%
 .p033 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmidiales | desmid ]] green algae, progenitors of land plants
 .p034 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_fertilization | Iron fertilization ]]
 .p034 primary production may be limited by the availability of iron and other trace elements
 .p034 manganous = +2 oxidation state
 .p035 copper in [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastocyanin | plastocyanin ]] mediates electron-transfer
 .p035 [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12 | cyancobalamine B12 ]] [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiamine B1 | thiamine ]] [[ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotin | biotin B7 ]] required by plantonic algae
 .p036 [[ | auxotrophs ]]
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  • wiki.keithl.com/Phytoplankton

Phytoplankton Books


Algal Cultures and Phytoplankton Ecology


  • Phytoplankton 2nd Ed 1989 - Arthur Donald Boney Emeritus Professor of Botany University of Glasgow

    • PSU QK933.B66 1989
  • pelagic zone: water column of the open ocean
  • p001 thallus, no organization into tissues such as vascular structure

  • p001 all algae contain chlorophyll a, a poor absorber of green light

  • p003 Red tides toxic dinoflagellates

  • p013 coccolith plates of calcium carbonate, perhaps protective against predation

  • p016 Primary production autotroph produces own food heterotroph consumes producers

  • p017 Global primary production 1.4e14 to 1.8e14 kg/year dry matter, oceans only 35% of the total
    • why not 70%, proportional to ocean/land ratio? If land production remained the same, the total land plus ocean productivity could increase by a factor of 2.16 ... and that's before improving predation resistance and engineering new photosynthetic processes.

  • p018 PAR Photosynthetically active radiation

  • p018 Clear winter's day light intensity 20% of summer, 10% with clouds
  • p019 thylakoids membrane-bound compartments inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria

  • p019 stroma

  • p019 pyrenoids

  • p019 phycobilin

  • p019 carotenes absorb UV, violet, and blue light

  • p019 xanthrophyll yellow pigments

  • p019 Sun vertical, 2% light reflection, near horizon 90% reflection
  • p021 humic acids

  • p021 gilvin colored humic substances

  • p023 depth d at which lowered white disk disappears
  • p023 surface inhibition, light too intense for phytoplankton
  • p024 continuous sunlight and prolonged calm injures Arctic phytoplankton and inhibits photosynthesis
  • p026 epilimnion surface layer hypolimnion depths metalimnion between

  • p026 sieche standing wave in body of water

  • p029 photosynthetic activity will increase pH in favor of bicarbonate users

  • p032 orthosilicic acid makes silica cell walls, 26% to 63%

  • p033 desmid green algae, progenitors of land plants

  • p034 Iron fertilization

  • p034 primary production may be limited by the availability of iron and other trace elements
  • p034 manganous = +2 oxidation state
  • p035 copper in plastocyanin mediates electron-transfer

  • p035 cyancobalamine B12 thiamine biotin B7 required by plantonic algae

  • p036 auxotrophs

  • p036

  • p036

  • p036

  • p037

  • p037

  • p037

  • p038

  • p038

  • p041

  • p041

  • p043

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  • p094 Measuring Primary Productivity
  • p0

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Phytoplankton Productivity

Carbon assimilation in marine and freshwater ecosystems

  • P.J. le B. Williams, D.N. Thomas, C.S. Reynolds . . PSU QK933 .P52 2002
  • p073 ref

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    • plate 7.1 Global annual net primary production
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Phytoplankton (last edited 2026-01-03 23:06:47 by KeithLofstrom)