Diff for "VikingHeart"

• http://wiki.keithl.com/VikingHeart

• note: similar EmbersOfTheHands is also http://gate.kl-ic.com/EmbersOfTheHands

The Viking Heart

How Scandinavians conquered the world

2021 . Arthur Herman . 29 + 484 pages

948.022 HER . Murray Scholls Library

• MAP: Viking voyages, originating in
  • southwest coastal Norway to Iceland, England, Ireland, France
  • Denmark to Germany, England, France, Spain, Italy
  • East coast Sweden to south Finland, Volga to Caspian Sea, Dnieper to Kiev, Black Sea, Constantinople

• pxi Preface

• pxv Norsemen genetic melting pot widespread in Europe

• pxv Normans descendants of Norsemen, brought science and instruments to northern and western Europe

• pxvii A Nation of Immigrants John F. Kennedy 1958 book @PSU

• p001 Ch02 - The Wrath of the Norsemen

• p003 Swedish raiders up the Volga, settlement at Novgorod

• p005 Only 3% of Norway is arable land, 25% forest, 70% bare mountain ranges

  • Hardanger Plateau World war 2 drama ... heavy water?

• p005 inland Sweden lakes and forests almost impassable before modern times
• p006 southern Denmark/Jutland infertile barrier southwards

• p007 Storegga Slide 6225-6170 BCE

  • Doggerland land area/bridge between Scandinavia, England, France before 5000 BCE, Rhine and Thames into the same estuary

• p007 Move to farms inland around 4000 BCE, Vikings were mostly farmers

• p007 Sami moved north, nomads herding reindeer, neolithic to present

• p008 bronze in Scandinavia after 1700 BCE

• p009 vik is Norse for bay or creek

• p009 more than Gotland graves shaped like ship

• p010 Cimbri moved south towards Roman lands

• p011 Scandinavian Goths migrated south along Vistula River Germany

• p012 Gauls

• p012 vir (man) -> virtus (virtue)

• p013 Tacitus: Germans revered women, advice

• p013 Gothic War of 248–253

• p014 Battle of Adrianople 378 AD August

• p014 Constantinople survived but western Roman Empire was conquered by 480 AD

• p014 Franks seize northern Gaul, Visigoths seize southern Gaul and Spain, ]][[ettlement_of_Britain | Saxons and Angles ]] seize Britain

• p015 Charles Martel stopped the

Umayyad invasion of Aquitaine at the Battle of Tours 721 AD

• p015 Charlemagne 771 AD

• p016 The Song of Roland 11th-century chanson de geste

• p017 Danevirke wall protecting Danes from Franks

• p017 Hedeby Danish trading village 8th to 11th century

• p018 Danish King Godfred 804-810? threatens Charlemagne, assassinated by son?

• p020 Swedish longships up rivers to Kiev and Constantinople
• p020 raiders (even Scots and English) became "Vikings"

• p020 Viking siege of Paris 885-886

• p021 unpredictable raids, retaliation too late

• p021 Roman Lutetia predecessor of Paris

• p022 Charles the Fat

• p022 Viking Easter 845 Siege of Paris

• p022 ransom 7000 pounds of silver danegeld

• p026 Alfred the Great defended Wessex from Danish vikings

• p027 York capital of Viking Northumbria

• p029 Danelaw Denelagu English kings allowed loyal Danes their own laws

• p030 Ch02 - Being Vikings

• p033 Vikings genetically diverse, some Mediterranean and Middle East ancestry
• p034 Vikings polygamous

• p034 littoral

• p034 Viking grave goods: bronze Buddha from Kashmir

• p035 clinker-built boats, overlapping planks, nail points flattened tight with rove plate

• p035 broad beam widest point of hull

• p036 Vikings invented keel in 7th century

• p036 18 inch draft fully loaded for inland waterways

• p037 knarr cargo ship ("freighter") 3 foot draft Skuldelev 1 16 foot beam, 52 foot length, crew of 6 to 8

• p037 turn from piracy to trade and settlement than piracy again
• p037 five month winters

• p037 bifringent polarized calcite for sun sighting obscured by clouds

• p038 Vikings farmers and fishermen first, warriors second
• p039 "uluk" for exile? Perhaps útlægð, transcribed poorly

• p039 Ingolfr Arnarson Eric the Red

• p040 Thing

• p041 Iceland Althing est. 930, oldest legislature in the world

• p041 rich or poor, one vote per household

• p041 Eiriksgata tour of all households by prospective king

• p042 weregeld compensatory damage for injury or killing

• p042 1094 Iceland: 4,560 free men out of 80,000 population
• p043 Viking marriage a business contract with obligations on both parties

• p043 Danish daughters inherited half of brother shares, Varend Sweden daughters equal shares

• p044 wife controlled assets when husband absent, parts with husband when she no longer desires him
• p044 older women accumulated status, took over missing or dead husband's role

• p045 Shield maidens probably fictional

• p048 Vikings "world leaders" in human trafficking
• p049 Verdun, Magdeburg, Prague slave markets supplied with Viking captives, usually non-Christian Slavs
• p049 Vikings supplied slaves for golden age of Islam
• p050 Viking commerce was mostly slave commerce
• p051 Vikings preferred intimidation to slaughter

• p051 berserker irrationally violent

• p052 Viking helmets conical, NOT adorned with animal horns
• p053 most warriors clung to their shields, heroes were a foolhardy minority that caused most of the casualties
• p054 berserker's life relatively short
• p054 leaders, followers, and slaves shared the same shipboard space
• p055 kings were chieftains approved by assembly of other chieftains and warriors
• p055 no dynasties, succession disputes common

• p056 Erik Bloodaxe killed five brothers to win throne of Norway, overthrown and exiled by sixth brother

• p056 Harald Fairhair first real Norwegian king in 872

• p057 Most early kings mythical
• p058 most kings murdered, only four lived to a natural death

• p060 Ch03 - The World the Vikings Made, Part One: From Russia to the British Isles

• p068 Rurik 862 Varangian chieftain of the Rus

• p070 capture of Armagh

• p071 battle of Clontarf in 1014

• p076 Isle of Man Godred Crovan

• p079 "-by": farm or village . . . "-thorp" or "-thwaite": a clearing . . Scandinavian place names
• p080 more than 600 Viking loan words in modern English

• p081 cowrie sea snail shells from Gulf of Aden

• p081 Domesday Book Scandinavian peasantry descendants 60% of Lincolnshire, 40% of East Anglia

• p082 Sokemen between free and bond tenants

• p083 Danelaw -> English Petition of Right -> US Bill of Rights

• p085 Ch04 - The World the Vikings Made, Part Two: Normandy, the Atlantic, and North America

• p085 The Saga of King Hakon Hakonarson

beyond belief that the land was not subject to some king, as were all others in the world

• p085 Rollo, Rolf son of Rognvald

• p087 Rollo's son William Longsword

• p086 grandson duke Richard I of Normandy 932-996

• p088 map

• p089 Ragnar Lodbrok a Viking hero, Swedish and Danish king before 865? 850 to 900?

• p090 Harald Finehair 850? – 932? Norwegian King

• p091 accounts of Norway's unification written more than 200 years later, mostly by Icelanders

• p091 Erik the Victorious c.945 – c.995, first to be cited by independent sources

• p092 Harald Bluetooth of Denmark

• p092 Jelling runestones, Christianity

• p094 Snowland ( Iceland ) 850? 860?

• p095 Ingolfr Arnarson first Norse settler of Iceland

• p095 Reykjavik "smoky bay"

• p096 "Landamabok" Landnámabók (Book of Settlements)

• p096 Thingvellir site of Althing oldest democracy in the world, 930 to present

• p097 thingman icelandic freeman

• p097 Njal's Saga

• p098 Icelandic skald, Norway court poets

• p098 More than 40 sagas

• p099 Erik Thorvaldsson c. 950 – c. 1003, known as Erik the Red

• p099 Snaefell 1833m stratovolcano in Iceland

• p099 settlement of Greenland

• p100 narwhal tusk sold as unicorn horn to the gullable.

• p103 Little Ice Age 13th to 19th centuries, first Greenland settlements disappear, uncertain history

• p105 Ch05 - Twilight of the Gods: Vikings, Kings, and Christianity

• p106 Oleg added wheels to ships, assaulting Constantinople over land

• p107 Viking soldiers Varangian Guard

• p107 Rurik Novgorod

• p108 Germans and Vikings similar pagan pantheon, Odin == Wotan "the furious one", patron god of Berserkers

• p109 Poetic Edda no Germanic equivalent

• p111 Ragnarok destruction of the gods

• p112 Norse religion: destruction the source of renewal

• p113 Eddas -> Wagner'sRing of the Nibelungen Tolkien'sLord of the Rings

• p113 Tolkien founded Viking Club at University of Leeds

• p114 hundreds of captives sacrificed routinely at the Upsalla temple complex

• p114 primal Viking heart rejected compassion, sympathy, moral responsibility
• p114 Islamic silver ceased arriving around 965

• p115 Prince Vladimir chooses state religion

  • Orthodox Christianity, Latin Christianity, Rabbinical Judaism, or Islam
• p115 Drinking is the joy of the Rus, Muslim emisssaries went home, similar for Jewish Khazars. Christian monkish abstinence rejected.
• p115 Viking mercenaries aiding Constantinople impressed by majestic Orthodox festival. Vladimir destroyed pagan statues, baptized 988 February, and marries emperor's daughter
• p116 prosperity and politics converted most of Scandinavia to Christianity

• p116 ended expensive wasteful customs of sacrifice and grave goods and wergild

• p117 eventually vendetta, violence, and bloodfeud ended

• p117 feudalism feudum = grant of land

• p118 Ripa? Denmark . . Birka Sweden

• p118 four Swedish king "mercenaries" Harald Bluetooth Olaf Tryggvason

• p119 Olaf Haraldson

• p119 Olaf Skottkonung

• p120 Olaf and son Anund Jacob christian but allow pagan sites like Uppsala to remain

• p121 stave churches retained popular pagan decorations and architectures
• p122 Viking sagas endure as popular epics, Lord of the Rings, Star Wars, etc.
• p123 "Christian" King Olaf continued Viking raids across Europe

• p124 Olaf and Sven Forkbeard raided England for silver coin

• p125 50,000 English coins dated 980-1051 in Scandinavian coin hoards
• p126 Most of England surrendered to Sven Forkbeard, 158,000 pounds of silver tribute

• p126 son Knut / Canute ruled England and Denmark 1018-1035

• p128 Norway, Orkneys, Shetlands, Hebrides, and Greenland after 1028
• p129 Canute gave his kingdom stability and security
• p129 thane: ranks above ordinary freeman and below a nobleman

• p130 1026 Battle of Helgeå won Norwegian crown

• p131 Ch06 - Conquerors: The Norman Transformation

• p133 William the Conqueror duke of Normandy

• p137 fleet invaded England 1066 5000 men with heavy cavalry

• p139 Battle of Stamford Bridge 1066 Viking King Harald of Norway defeated by English army under King Harold , "a whole era was over"

• p140 housecarls non-servile manservant or bodyguard

William the Conqueror

• p142 William the Conqueror Battle of Hastings 1066

• p143 Bayeux Tapestry

• p144 Harold dies from arrow in the eye
• p145 William ... a Norman dynasty of Scandinavian descent
• p145 Harold burial mound ... "ancient Viking ritual" ... citation needed
• p146 William conquers "Romney", Canterbury, Winchester, Surrey, Hampshire, Wallingford, crowned king Christmas Day 1066
• p146 began construction of Tower of London, spent most of his life fighting in Normandy
• p147 Norman noblemen youth sought adventure in southern Italy and Sicily

• p147 defeated Saracens in Salerno and elsewhere

• p149 Ralph de Tosny?// Raoul de Tosny? Roger de Tosny? Some name confusion here, author misspelling?

• p151 Richard of Aversa

• p151 Capella Palatina in Palermo

• p153 Robert Guiscard

• p153 Pope Gregory VII

• p156 Robert Guiscard

• p158 son Bohemund Guiscard

• p158 archbishop of Pisa invested Bohemund Prince of Antioch

• p159 Harald the Ruthless

• p160 William the Conqueror wounded and died in Rouen in 1087

• p162 Ch07 - Vikings into Scandinavians: From Games of Thrones to Mighty Fortresses

• p164 Tallinn means "Dane's Town" in Estonian.

• p164 Old English closer to Old Norse than modern English

• p167 Icelandic Althing chose Christianity by majority vote in 1000AD

• p167 Sagas (more than 40) written down during 7 month winter

• p167 Njáls Saga among first Western novels

• p167 The Prose Edda The Poetic Edda

• p168 composed by Snorri Sturluson 1179-1241

• p169 Jane Smiley : sagas the best training for novelists

• p170 Njal Thorgeirsson

• p171 Heimskringla

• p171 Norwegian king Haakon IV recruited two former sons-in-law to murder Snorri Sturluson

• p173 no serfdom in Sweden, slavery abolished by 1335

• p173 Black Death killed 25% of Europe, also Norway, Denmark, and Sweden

• p175 Ulf Gudmarsson wife Brigitte daughter St. Catherine 1332-1381

• p175 Brigittines of the Augustinian order

• p175 Brigitte's Revelations

• p177 Ingeborg Håkansdotter regent mother, on Swedish and Norwegian Councils of State in 1319

• p178 Black Death killed 1/3 of Sweden,

many in Norway and Denmark

• populations took centuries to grow back

• p179 End of middle ages, peasant-owned land 1/8th of Denmark, 1/4 of Norway, 1/2 of Sweden
• p179 Finns and Swedes learned to collaborate, partnered clearing northern land, later in US

• p179 Unification under Queen Margaret of Denmark between 1397 and 1412

• p181 founder of Kalmar Union, ruled defacto as regent of grandnephew Erik

• p183 Canute the Great 990-1035. King of England, Denmark, and Norway. North Sea Empire

• p183 Successor Erik lacked good judgement

• p184 dethroned by Dane, Swede, Norwegian nobility, exiled on Gotland

• p184 Gustav Vasa king of Sweden 1523-1560

• p185 factions of nobles, short-term thinking

• p187 Martin Luther, Bible and faith alone

• p187 Christian II of Denmark 1513-1523, deposed for Frederick I

• p188 Swedish Riksdag of the Estates nationalized church lands, adopted Lutheranism, spread through Scandinavia

• p189 Translation of Bible to Turku southwestern Finnish spread that dialect nationally

• p189 Book of Sirach in Catholic/Orthodox Bibles, not Protestant

• p190 Luther: not monastic retreat, but fulfilling worldly obligations, servant or king
• p190 all callings are equal to God
• p191 Luther "tolerant of capitalism" but not usury/interest
• p191 Lutheran goal betterment of community, not self-betterment

• p192 Ch08 - Viking Heart Empire: King Gustavus Adolphus and the Scandinavian Century

• p193 Amleth prince of Denmark becomes Shakespeare's Hamlet

• p193 Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus "the last Viking"

• p194 Learned war science of Dutch commander Maurice of Nassau

• p195 Denmark controlled Sound of Øresund and access to the Baltic

• p195 ruler of Denmark also duke of Holstein

• p195 Peace of Augsburg in 1555

• p195 Witchcraft trials mostly in Denmark and Central Europe, few executions in Norway, Sweden, Finland

• p196 Malleus Maleficarum Hammer of Witches, few Scandinavian readers, independent women respected

• p200 Christian IV of Denmark

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• p211 Prince Bernard of Saxe-Weimar

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• p217 Ch09 - Scandinavians into Americans

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• p234 John Gutzon de la Mothe Borgum

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• p240 Ch10 - "We Are Coming, Father Abraham": Scandinavians in the American Civil War

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• p263 Ch11 - "More Wonderful than Riches": American Fever and the Great Migration

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• p295 Ch12 - Land of Wonders: How Two Scandinavian Icons Transformed Jazz Age America

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• p321 Ch13 - Men at Work: The Viking Heart and American Democracy

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• p348 Ch14 - The Viking Heart Come Home

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• p373 Ch15 - The Viking Heart in War and Peace

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• p406 Conclusion - The Viking Heart and the Land Beyond

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