Diff for "VikingHeart"

• http://wiki.keithl.com/VikingHeart

• note: similar EmbersOfTheHands is also http://gate.kl-ic.com/EmbersOfTheHands

The Viking Heart

How Scandinavians conquered the world

2021 . Arthur Herman . 29 + 484 pages

948.022 HER . Murray Scholls Library

• MAP: Viking voyages, originating in
  • southwest coastal Norway to Iceland, England, Ireland, France
  • Denmark to Germany, England, France, Spain, Italy
  • East coast Sweden to south Finland, Volga to Caspian Sea, Dnieper to Kiev, Black Sea, Constantinople

• pxi Preface

• pxv Norsemen genetic melting pot widespread in Europe

• pxv Normans descendants of Norsemen, brought science and instruments to northern and western Europe

• pxvii A Nation of Immigrants John F. Kennedy 1958 book @PSU

• p001 Ch01 - The Wrath of the Norsemen

• p003 Swedish raiders up the Volga, settlement at Novgorod

• p005 Only 3% of Norway is arable land, 25% forest, 70% bare mountain ranges

  • Hardanger Plateau World war 2 drama ... heavy water?

• p005 inland Sweden lakes and forests almost impassable before modern times
• p006 southern Denmark/Jutland infertile barrier southwards

• p007 Storegga Slide 6225-6170 BCE

  • Doggerland land area/bridge between Scandinavia, England, France before 5000 BCE, Rhine and Thames into the same estuary

• p007 Move to farms inland around 4000 BCE, Vikings were mostly farmers

• p007 Sami moved north, nomads herding reindeer, neolithic to present

• p008 bronze in Scandinavia after 1700 BCE

• p009 vik is Norse for bay or creek

• p009 more than Gotland graves shaped like ship

• p010 Cimbri moved south towards Roman lands

• p011 Scandinavian Goths migrated south along Vistula River Germany

• p012 Gauls

• p012 vir (man) -> virtus (virtue)

• p013 Tacitus: Germans revered women, advice

• p013 Gothic War of 248–253

• p014 Battle of Adrianople 378 AD August

• p014 Constantinople survived but western Roman Empire was conquered by 480 AD

• p014 Franks seize northern Gaul, Visigoths seize southern Gaul and Spain, Saxons and Angles seize Britain

• p015 Charles Martel stopped the Umayyad invasion of Aquitaine at the Battle of Tours 721 AD

• p015 Charlemagne 771 AD

• p016 The Song of Roland 11th-century chanson de geste

• p017 Danevirke wall protecting Danes from Franks

• p017 Hedeby Danish trading village 8th to 11th century

• p018 Danish King Godfred 804-810? threatens Charlemagne, assassinated by son?

• p020 Swedish longships up rivers to Kiev and Constantinople
• p020 raiders (even Scots and English) became "Vikings"

• p020 Viking siege of Paris 885-886

• p021 unpredictable raids, retaliation too late

• p021 Roman Lutetia predecessor of Paris

• p022 Charles the Fat

• p022 Viking Easter 845 Siege of Paris

• p022 ransom 7000 pounds of silver danegeld

• p026 Alfred the Great defended Wessex from Danish vikings

• p027 York capital of Viking Northumbria

• p029 Danelaw Denelagu English kings allowed loyal Danes their own laws

• p030 Ch02 - Being Vikings

• p033 Vikings genetically diverse, some Mediterranean and Middle East ancestry
• p034 Vikings polygamous

• p034 littoral

• p034 Viking grave goods: bronze Buddha from Kashmir

• p035 clinker-built boats, overlapping planks, nail points flattened tight with rove plate

• p035 broad beam widest point of hull

• p036 Vikings invented keel in 7th century

• p036 18 inch draft fully loaded for inland waterways

• p037 knarr cargo ship ("freighter") 3 foot draft Skuldelev 1 16 foot beam, 52 foot length, crew of 6 to 8

• p037 turn from piracy to trade and settlement than piracy again
• p037 five month winters

• p037 bifringent polarized calcite for sun sighting obscured by clouds

• p038 Vikings farmers and fishermen first, warriors second
• p039 "uluk" for exile? Perhaps útlægð, transcribed poorly

• p039 Ingolfr Arnarson Eric the Red

• p040 Thing

• p041 Iceland Althing est. 930, oldest legislature in the world

• p041 rich or poor, one vote per household

• p041 Eiriksgata tour of all households by prospective king

• p042 weregeld compensatory damage for injury or killing

• p042 1094 Iceland: 4,560 free men out of 80,000 population
• p043 Viking marriage a business contract with obligations on both parties

• p043 Danish daughters inherited half of brother shares, Varend Sweden daughters equal shares

• p044 wife controlled assets when husband absent, parts with husband when she no longer desires him
• p044 older women accumulated status, took over missing or dead husband's role

• p045 Shield maidens probably fictional

• p048 Vikings "world leaders" in human trafficking
• p049 Verdun, Magdeburg, Prague slave markets supplied with Viking captives, usually non-Christian Slavs
• p049 Vikings supplied slaves for golden age of Islam
• p050 Viking commerce was mostly slave commerce
• p051 Vikings preferred intimidation to slaughter

• p051 berserker irrationally violent

• p052 Viking helmets conical, NOT adorned with animal horns
• p053 most warriors clung to their shields, heroes were a foolhardy minority that caused most of the casualties
• p054 berserker's life relatively short
• p054 leaders, followers, and slaves shared the same shipboard space
• p055 kings were chieftains approved by assembly of other chieftains and warriors
• p055 no dynasties, succession disputes common

• p056 Erik Bloodaxe killed five brothers to win throne of Norway, overthrown and exiled by sixth brother

• p056 Harald Fairhair first real Norwegian king in 872

• p057 Most early kings mythical
• p058 most kings murdered, only four lived to a natural death

• p060 Ch03 - The World the Vikings Made, Part One: From Russia to the British Isles

• p068 Rurik 862 Varangian chieftain of the Rus

• p070 capture of Armagh

• p071 battle of Clontarf in 1014

• p076 Isle of Man Godred Crovan

• p079 "-by": farm or village . . . "-thorp" or "-thwaite": a clearing . . Scandinavian place names
• p080 more than 600 Viking loan words in modern English

• p081 cowrie sea snail shells from Gulf of Aden

• p081 Domesday Book Scandinavian peasantry descendants 60% of Lincolnshire, 40% of East Anglia

• p082 Sokemen between free and bond tenants

• p083 Danelaw -> English Petition of Right -> US Bill of Rights

• p085 Ch04 - The World the Vikings Made, Part Two: Normandy, the Atlantic, and North America

• p085 The Saga of King Hakon Hakonarson beyond belief that the land was not subject to some king, as were all others in the world

• p085 Rollo, Rolf son of Rognvald

• p087 Rollo's son William Longsword

• p086 grandson duke Richard I of Normandy 932-996

• p088 map

• p089 Ragnar Lodbrok a Viking hero, Swedish and Danish king before 865? 850 to 900?

• p090 Harald Finehair 850? – 932? Norwegian King

• p091 accounts of Norway's unification written more than 200 years later, mostly by Icelanders

• p091 Erik the Victorious c.945 – c.995, first to be cited by independent sources

• p092 Harald Bluetooth of Denmark

• p092 Jelling runestones, Christianity

• p094 Snowland ( Iceland ) 850? 860?

• p095 Ingolfr Arnarson first Norse settler of Iceland

• p095 Reykjavik "smoky bay"

• p096 "Landamabok" Landnámabók (Book of Settlements)

• p096 Thingvellir site of Althing oldest democracy in the world, 930 to present

• p097 thingman icelandic freeman

• p097 Njal's Saga

• p098 Icelandic skald, Norway court poets

• p098 More than 40 sagas

• p099 Erik Thorvaldsson c. 950 – c. 1003, known as Erik the Red

• p099 Snaefell 1833m stratovolcano in Iceland

• p099 settlement of Greenland

• p100 narwhal tusk sold as unicorn horn to the gullable.

• p103 Little Ice Age 13th to 19th centuries, first Greenland settlements disappear, uncertain history

• p105 Ch05 - Twilight of the Gods: Vikings, Kings, and Christianity

• p106 Oleg added wheels to ships, assaulting Constantinople over land

• p107 Viking soldiers Varangian Guard

• p107 Rurik Novgorod

• p108 Germans and Vikings similar pagan pantheon, Odin == Wotan "the furious one", patron god of Berserkers

• p109 Poetic Edda no Germanic equivalent

• p111 Ragnarok destruction of the gods

• p112 Norse religion: destruction the source of renewal

• p113 Eddas -> Wagner'sRing of the Nibelungen Tolkien'sLord of the Rings

• p113 Tolkien founded Viking Club at University of Leeds

• p114 hundreds of captives sacrificed routinely at the Upsalla temple complex

• p114 primal Viking heart rejected compassion, sympathy, moral responsibility
• p114 Islamic silver ceased arriving around 965

• p115 Prince Vladimir chooses state religion

  • Orthodox Christianity, Latin Christianity, Rabbinical Judaism, or Islam
• p115 Drinking is the joy of the Rus, Muslim emisssaries went home, similar for Jewish Khazars. Christian monkish abstinence rejected.
• p115 Viking mercenaries aiding Constantinople impressed by majestic Orthodox festival. Vladimir destroyed pagan statues, baptized 988 February, and marries emperor's daughter
• p116 prosperity and politics converted most of Scandinavia to Christianity

• p116 ended expensive wasteful customs of sacrifice and grave goods and wergild

• p117 eventually vendetta, violence, and bloodfeud ended

• p117 feudalism feudum = grant of land

• p118 Ripa? Denmark . . Birka Sweden

• p118 four Swedish king "mercenaries" Harald Bluetooth Olaf Tryggvason

• p119 Olaf Haraldson

• p119 Olaf Skottkonung

• p120 Olaf and son Anund Jacob christian but allow pagan sites like Uppsala to remain

• p121 stave churches retained popular pagan decorations and architectures
• p122 Viking sagas endure as popular epics, Lord of the Rings, Star Wars, etc.
• p123 "Christian" King Olaf continued Viking raids across Europe

• p124 Olaf and Sven Forkbeard raided England for silver coin

• p125 50,000 English coins dated 980-1051 in Scandinavian coin hoards
• p126 Most of England surrendered to Sven Forkbeard, 158,000 pounds of silver tribute

• p126 son Knut / Canute ruled England and Denmark 1018-1035

• p128 Norway, Orkneys, Shetlands, Hebrides, and Greenland after 1028
• p129 Canute gave his kingdom stability and security
• p129 thane: ranks above ordinary freeman and below a nobleman

• p130 1026 Battle of Helgeå won Norwegian crown

• p131 Ch06 - Conquerors: The Norman Transformation

• p133 William the Conqueror duke of Normandy

• p137 fleet invaded England 1066 5000 men with heavy cavalry

• p139 Battle of Stamford Bridge 1066 Viking King Harald of Norway defeated by English army under King Harold , "a whole era was over"

• p140 housecarls non-servile manservant or bodyguard

• p142 William the Conqueror Battle of Hastings 1066

• p143 Bayeux Tapestry

• p144 Harold dies from arrow in the eye
• p145 William ... a Norman dynasty of Scandinavian descent
• p145 Harold burial mound ... "ancient Viking ritual" ... citation needed
• p146 William conquers "Romney", Canterbury, Winchester, Surrey, Hampshire, Wallingford, crowned king Christmas Day 1066
• p146 began construction of Tower of London, spent most of his life fighting in Normandy
• p147 Norman noblemen youth sought adventure in southern Italy and Sicily

• p147 defeated Saracens in Salerno and elsewhere

• p149 Ralph de Tosny?// Raoul de Tosny? Roger de Tosny? Some name confusion here, author misspelling?

• p151 Richard of Aversa

• p151 Capella Palatina in Palermo

• p153 Robert Guiscard

• p153 Pope Gregory VII

• p156 Robert Guiscard

• p158 son Bohemund Guiscard

• p158 archbishop of Pisa invested Bohemund Prince of Antioch

• p159 Harald the Ruthless

• p160 William the Conqueror wounded and died in Rouen in 1087

• p162 Ch07 - Vikings into Scandinavians: From Games of Thrones to Mighty Fortresses

• p164 Tallinn means "Dane's Town" in Estonian.

• p164 Old English closer to Old Norse than modern English

• p167 Icelandic Althing chose Christianity by majority vote in 1000AD

• p167 Sagas (more than 40) written down during 7 month winter

• p167 Njáls Saga among first Western novels

• p167 The Prose Edda The Poetic Edda

• p168 composed by Snorri Sturluson 1179-1241

• p169 Jane Smiley : sagas the best training for novelists

• p170 Njal Thorgeirsson

• p171 Heimskringla

• p171 Norwegian king Haakon IV recruited two former sons-in-law to murder Snorri Sturluson

• p173 no serfdom in Sweden, slavery abolished by 1335

• p173 Black Death killed 25% of Europe, also Norway, Denmark, and Sweden

• p175 Ulf Gudmarsson wife Brigitte daughter St. Catherine 1332-1381

• p175 Brigittines of the Augustinian order

• p175 Brigitte's Revelations

• p177 Ingeborg Håkansdotter regent mother, on Swedish and Norwegian Councils of State in 1319

• p178 Black Death killed 1/3 of Sweden, many in Norway and Denmark

  • populations took centuries to grow back
• p179 End of middle ages, peasant-owned land 1/8th of Denmark, 1/4 of Norway, 1/2 of Sweden
• p179 Finns and Swedes learned to collaborate, partnered clearing northern land, later in US

• p179 Unification under Queen Margaret of Denmark between 1397 and 1412

• p181 founder of Kalmar Union, ruled defacto as regent of grandnephew Erik

• p183 Canute the Great 990-1035. King of England, Denmark, and Norway. North Sea Empire

• p183 Successor Erik lacked good judgement

• p184 dethroned by Dane, Swede, Norwegian nobility, exiled on Gotland

• p184 Gustav Vasa king of Sweden 1523-1560

• p185 factions of nobles, short-term thinking

• p187 Martin Luther, Bible and faith alone

• p187 Christian II of Denmark 1513-1523, deposed for Frederick I

• p188 Swedish Riksdag of the Estates nationalized church lands, adopted Lutheranism, spread through Scandinavia

• p189 Translation of Bible to Turku southwestern Finnish spread that dialect nationally

• p189 Book of Sirach in Catholic/Orthodox Bibles, not Protestant

• p190 Luther: not monastic retreat, but fulfilling worldly obligations, servant or king
• p190 all callings are equal to God
• p191 Luther "tolerant of capitalism" but not usury/interest
• p191 Lutheran goal betterment of community, not self-betterment

• p192 Ch08 - Viking Heart Empire: King Gustavus Adolphus and the Scandinavian Century

• p193 Amleth prince of Denmark becomes Shakespeare's Hamlet

• p193 Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus "the last Viking"

• p194 Learned war science of Dutch commander Maurice of Nassau

• p195 Denmark controlled Sound of Øresund and access to the Baltic

• p195 ruler of Denmark also duke of Holstein

• p195 Peace of Augsburg in 1555

• p195 Witchcraft trials mostly in Denmark and Central Europe, few executions in Norway, Sweden, Finland

• p196 Malleus Maleficarum Hammer of Witches, few Scandinavian readers, independent women respected

• p200 Christian IV of Denmark

• p201 Battle of Lutter 1626

• p201 Treaty of Lübeck 1929

• p201 Swedish military service was part of manhood
• p202 strategy: musketeers blow gaps in enemy lines, cavalry attacks through the gaps
• p203 numerous (9.4 per 1000 men) lighter mobile artillery also overwhelmed opponents

• p205 1631 Battle of Breitenfeld

• p214 1636 Battle of Wittstock Swedes defeat Imperials

• p214 1648 Peace (treaty) of Westphalia

• p217 Ch09 - Scandinavians into Americans

• p218 Peter Minuit ("minnewit") traded goods worth 60 guilders for Manhattan Island in 1626 (the natives probably didn't understand the deal)

• p219 Minuit lost at sea, his ship Kalmar Nyckel and crew return with fortune's worth of tobacco

• p220 King Gustavus' daughter Christina reigned from 1632, coronated 1650, spent lavishly, abdicated 1654, kingdom in shambles

• p221 Sweden loses Finland to Russia in 1809

• p222 Scandinavian population increases 50%
  • hence my Swedo-Finn great-grandparents immigrating to Wyoming in the late 1800s

• p223 New Sweden 1638-1655 colony failed, Swedes succeeded and assimilated

• p224 Jochem Pietersen Kuyter and Jonas Bronck (→Bronx) in New Netherland

• p232 most 1850s Danish immigrants were Mormons in Utah

• p234 John Gutzon de la Mothe Borglum 1867-1941 born Mormon in Idaho

• p235 sculpted Mount Rushmore

• p238 Norwegians settled in Wisconsin, trees similar to Norway

• p240 Ch10 - "We Are Coming, Father Abraham": Scandinavians in the American Civil War

• p244 Thousands of immigrants joined Union army, including author's great-great-grandfather Iver Jacobsen (Sorlie)

• p247 Illinois Western Sharpshooters commanded by Swedish immigrant Colonel John W. Birge

  • UC Berkeley Physics Birge hall named after Raymond Thayer Birge, son of John Thaddeus Birge

• p251 John Dahlgren Dahlgren gun, smoother curve and wider breech minimized explosions

• p253 used on USS Monitor designed by John Ericsson

• p255 Norwegian immigrant Quartermaster Peter Williams steered Monitor in the Battle of Hampton Roads against the Confederate ironclad CSS Virginia (salvaged USS Merrimack)

• p263 Ch11 - "More Wonderful than Riches": American Fever and the Great Migration

• p267 Rasmus Bjørn Anderson

• p267 America Not Discovered by Columbus 1874 tract, Mult. Lib. Offsite

• p275 Author claims "Hamburger" originated with Jewish immigrant sandwich on Hamburg Line, which gave it's name to the meal CITATION NEEDED

• p290 Jacob Riss 1890 How the Other Half Lives

• p290 Thorsten Veblen

• p291 Theory of the Leisure Class 1899, conspicuous consumption

• p292 The Instincts of Workmanship and the State if the Industrial Arts 1914

• p295 Ch12 - Land of Wonders: How Two Scandinavian Icons Transformed Jazz Age America

• p295 Disillusioned returning doughboys, war weakened democracy, race riots, depression, Prohibiyion

• p296 stopping MS-13 street gang ?

• p299 1893 Norwegian immigrant Lars Rokne father of Knute Rockne

• p306 Charles August Lindbergh, son of Swedish 1859 immigrant, Minnesota congressman, 1902 father of aviator Charles Lindbergh

• p306 1862 uprising of Chief Little Crow

  • Dakota subculture of the Sioux

• p308 Capper-Volsted Act (not "Carper") exempted farmer cooperatives from the Sherman Antitrust Act

• p309 Sogn Norway peasant dialect

• p312 We by Charles Lindbergh

• p313 Lindbergh baby kidnapping 1932, murdered and discovered 72 days later

• p314 Lindbergh toured Germany with Göring in 1936

• p314 saw advanced aircraft like the Me 109 fighter and Do 17 bomber

• p315 1940 March Atlantic Monthly, (solationism

• p316 America First Committee

• p317 Winston Groom The Aviators 2013 . BvtnLib 629.1309 GRO

• p318 Wife Anne would rather see America go to war than be "shaken by violent anti-Semitism of the Nazi brand"
• p318 Charles refused to recant, Roosevelt refused Lindbergh service in Army Air Corps (at age 40)
• p319 Lindbergh flew as "technical representative" on 50 Pacific Theater combat missions

• p319 Claire Egtvedt father of the Boeing B-17 bomber

• p320 and the B-29 bomber

• p321 Ch13 - Men at Work: The Viking Heart and American Democracy

• p321 Lindbergh critic Gutzon Borglum (p239) also antisemitic ...

• p322 ... but close friend of important Jews
• p324 Hitler destroyed Borglum sculpture of Woodrow Wilson in Poland
• p324 Borglum friendly with Ku Klux Klan Grand Dragon

• p326 F. Scott Fitzgerald 1936: "The test of a first-rate intelligence is the ability to hold two opposing ideas in mind at the same time and still retain the ability to function."

• p327 Borglum chose the 4 Mount Rushmore subjects
• p328 Mount Rushmore completed July 1939 for $1M ($24M, inflation to April 2026 dollars)
• p328 Borglum died 1941 March

• p329 Charles Sorensen Cast Iron Charlie, Ford Motor Company, sequential machining production, Ford Highland Park Plant

• p329 William Knudsen The Great Dane, Ford Motor Company, senior operations manager

• p331 Knudsen argued with Henry Ford, fired, then transformed Chevrolet with flexible mass production

• p331 Knudsen president of General Motors 1937 to 1940
• p331 appointed by Roosevelt as Chairman of the Office of Production Management, vastly increased war production
• p332 Knudsen originated "arsenal of democracy" phrase, Roosevelt copied it
• p332 1940-1945 US produced $183B of war material, 2/3 of all Allied production
  • 141 aircraft carriers, 807 cruisers and destroyers, 203 submarines, 88K tanks, 257K artillery, 325K aircraft, growing civilian economy
• p334 B-24 half a million parts, 300K rivets of 500 sizes
• p334 decades later, those companies produced COVID ventilators, respirators, test kits
• p334 Freedom's Forge Arthur Herman Bvtn Lib 940.531 HER

• p334 Carl Sandburg 1940 Pulitzer for six volume Lincoln biography

• p336 hometown Galesburg Illinois sanctuary on Underground Railroad, population 14% African American

• p336 "He is blowing out the moral lights around us, when he contends that whoever wants slaves has a right to hold them" - Lincoln

• p337 "Chicago" poem by Carl Sandburg

• p338 Carl Sandburg sings "My Name is Yon Yonson"

• p340 Carl Sandburg's “Bomber”

• p343 Norman Borlaug

• p344 Borlaug age 2 Marquis wheat 1916 black stem rust

• p344 40 acres, 12,000 plants, picking and husking a million ears of corn, arms raw and bleeding

• p345 studied under Elvin Charles Stakman at U Minn

• p346 Borlaug increased Mexican wheat yield from 760 pounds per acre to 2500 pounds per acre in 1968
  • "almost triple the harvest" (more than, 3.3 times)
• p346 Nobel Peace prize 1970. Criticized by (less effective) social revolutionaries, cultural activists

• p346 Marxist journalist Alexander Cockburn accused Borlaug of mass murder CITATION NEEDED

• p347 people hungry all the time; in 2009, Borlaug said "When I was getting started, you couldn't avoid them"

• p348 Ch14 - The Viking Heart Come Home

• p349 1863 Denmark annexes Slesvig and Holstein

• p350

• p350

• p351

• p355

• p358

• p360

• p361

• p361

• p361

• p362

• p363

• p364

• p364

• p364

• p365

• p365

• p366

• p367

• p369

• p369

• p372

• p373 Ch15 - The Viking Heart in War and Peace

• p373

• p374

• p375

• p375

• p375

• p376

• p376

• p378

• p379

• p380

• p380

• p381

• p382

• p382

• p382

• p383

• p383

• p384

• p384

• p385

• p385

• p385

• p386

• p386

• p387

• p388

• p390

• p390

• p391

• p392

• p394

• p395

• p395

• p396

• p397

• p397

• p398

• p399

• p400

• p401

• p401

• p401

• p402

• p402

• p403

• p404

• p404

• p405

• p405

• p406 Conclusion - The Viking Heart and the Land Beyond

• p409

• p412

• p412

• p413

• p414

• p414

• p414

• p415

• p415

• p416

• p417

• p417

• p417